To quantitatively characterize the response levels in fuze cook-off tests, a strain-based pressure sensor incorporating a steel bar was designed to measure pressure in high-temperature environments. This design is based on one-dimensional elastic wave theory and aims to provide accurate and reliable pressure measurements under extreme thermal conditions. The cook-off test is conducted to obtain the pressure history curve of the fuze bottom output during the booster burning response process. The heat conduction model and Arrhenius equation were developed to investigate the temperature distribution within the fuze under different heating rates. The results indicate that as the heating rate decreases, the ignition region of the explosive gradually shifts from the outer edges at both ends toward the central area of the explosive. Simultaneously, the ignition temperature of the charge progressively increases, leading to a rise in the output pressure of the fuze.