ACCELERATED PUBLICATION
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 57)
Martin Green,
Ewan Dunlop,
Jochen Hohl-Ebinger,
Masahiro Yoshita,
Nikos Kopidakis,
Xiaojing Hao,
Corresponding Author
Martin Green
School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Correspondence
Martin A. Green, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorEwan Dunlop
Directorate C - Energy, Transport and Climate, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorJochen Hohl-Ebinger
Department of Characterisation and Simulation/CalLab PV Cells, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMasahiro Yoshita
Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNikos Kopidakis
PV Cell and Module Performance, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojing Hao
School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorMartin Green,
Ewan Dunlop,
Jochen Hohl-Ebinger,
Masahiro Yoshita,
Nikos Kopidakis,
Xiaojing Hao,
Corresponding Author
Martin Green
School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Correspondence
Martin A. Green, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorEwan Dunlop
Directorate C - Energy, Transport and Climate, European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorJochen Hohl-Ebinger
Department of Characterisation and Simulation/CalLab PV Cells, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMasahiro Yoshita
Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNikos Kopidakis
PV Cell and Module Performance, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojing Hao
School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since June 2020 are reviewed. In this issue, charts showing efficiency improvements since 1993 are included as well as cell and module area definitions and an updated list of recognized test centres.
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