Mechanistic study of thermal behavior and combustion performance of epoxy resins: I homopolymerized TGDDM
Sergei V. Levchik
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Byelorussian State University, Leningradaskaya, 14, Minsk 220080, Belarus.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Giovanni Camino
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMaria Paola Luda
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorLuigi Costa
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorBruno Costes
Joint Research Center, Aerospatiale, Rue du Val d'Or 4 bis, 92152 Suresnes Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorYves Henry
Joint Research Center, Aerospatiale, Rue du Val d'Or 4 bis, 92152 Suresnes Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorEmile Morel
Centre de Recherches du Bouchet, Societé Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs, BP No 2, 92710 Vert-le-Petit, France
Search for more papers by this authorGeorge Muller
Centre de Recherches du Bouchet, Societé Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs, BP No 2, 92710 Vert-le-Petit, France
Search for more papers by this authorSergei V. Levchik
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Byelorussian State University, Leningradaskaya, 14, Minsk 220080, Belarus.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Giovanni Camino
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorMaria Paola Luda
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorLuigi Costa
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Fisica e Chimica dei Materiali dell'Università, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorBruno Costes
Joint Research Center, Aerospatiale, Rue du Val d'Or 4 bis, 92152 Suresnes Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorYves Henry
Joint Research Center, Aerospatiale, Rue du Val d'Or 4 bis, 92152 Suresnes Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorEmile Morel
Centre de Recherches du Bouchet, Societé Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs, BP No 2, 92710 Vert-le-Petit, France
Search for more papers by this authorGeorge Muller
Centre de Recherches du Bouchet, Societé Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs, BP No 2, 92710 Vert-le-Petit, France
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) undergoes homopolymerization on heating. Intramolecular reactions which compete with crosslinking favor the formation of cyclic structures with increasing thermal and fire resistance of the resin, whereas physical mechanical properties tend to decrease.
The mechanism of thermal decomposition of TGDDM is studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal volatilization analysis with characterization of volatiles evolved and residue left. Thermal degradation of poly-(TGDDM) starts at 260°C with elimination of water from secondary alcoholic groups which is a typical pathway for epoxy resin degradation. Resulting unsaturations weaken bonds in the β-position and provoke the first chain breaking at allyl–amine and allyl–either bonds. With increasing temperature, saturated alkyl–ether bonds and alkyl carbon–carbon bonds are broken first, followed by the most stable alkyl–aryl bonds at T>365°C. The combustion performance of TGDDM is discussed on the basis of the thermal degradation behavior.
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