Trends in spontaneous physical activity and energy expenditure among adults in a respiratory chamber, 1985 to 2005
Katherine T. Travis
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorTakafumi Ando
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorEmma J. Stinson
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan Krakoff
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMarci E. Gluck
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPaolo Piaggi
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Douglas C. Chang
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Correspondence
Douglas C. Chang, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 4212 N. 16th St., Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorKatherine T. Travis
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorTakafumi Ando
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorEmma J. Stinson
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan Krakoff
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMarci E. Gluck
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPaolo Piaggi
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Douglas C. Chang
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Correspondence
Douglas C. Chang, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 4212 N. 16th St., Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Abstract
Objective
Fidgeting, a type of spontaneous physical activity (SPA), has substantial thermogenic potential. This research aims to examine secular trends in SPA and energy expenditure (EE) inside a respiratory chamber.
Methods
From 1985 to 2005, healthy adults (n = 678; mean age: 28.8 years; men: 60%; 522 Indigenous American, 129 White, and 27 Black) had a 24-hour stay in the respiratory chamber equipped with radar sensors. Body composition, glucose tolerance, fasting insulin, insulin action (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test) were measured as covariates.
Results
SPA, adjusted for age, sex, race, and body composition, declined (r = −0.30, p < 0.0001), with a concomitant rise in the energy cost of SPA (r = 0.30, p < 0.0001). The 24-hour EE adjusted for covariates increased (r = 0.31, p < 0.0001), which was reflected in increases in EE during sleep (r = 0.18, p < 0.0001) and during the awake, fed condition (r = 0.28, p < 0.0001). The secular trends in SPA or 24-hour EE were unchanged with adjustment for measures related to glucose metabolism.
Conclusions
Secular trend analyses showed a decline in fidgeting. However, this decline in SPA was partially counterbalanced by an increase in energy cost of this activity and a rise in EE. Nevertheless, our results support public health efforts to promote small but sustained changes in these behaviors.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| oby23347-sup-0001-FigS1-S4.docxWord 2007 document , 734.7 KB | Fig S1-S4 |
| oby23347-sup-0002-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 12.7 KB | Supplementary Material |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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