Dynamic off-resonance correction for spiral real-time MRI of speech
Corresponding Author
Yongwan Lim
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Correspondence Yongwan Lim, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 400, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2564. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSajan Goud Lingala
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Search for more papers by this authorShrikanth S. Narayanan
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Search for more papers by this authorKrishna S. Nayak
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yongwan Lim
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Correspondence Yongwan Lim, 3740 McClintock Ave, EEB 400, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2564. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSajan Goud Lingala
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Search for more papers by this authorShrikanth S. Narayanan
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Search for more papers by this authorKrishna S. Nayak
Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: National Institutes of Health, Grant/Award Number: R01DC007124; National Science Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 1514544
A preliminary version of this work was presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM Scientific Sessions, Honolulu, HI, 2017. Abstract #4017.
Abstract
Purpose
To improve the depiction and tracking of vocal tract articulators in spiral real-time MRI (RT-MRI) of speech production by estimating and correcting for dynamic changes in off-resonance.
Methods
The proposed method computes a dynamic field map from the phase of single-TE dynamic images after a coil phase compensation where complex coil sensitivity maps are estimated from the single-TE dynamic scan itself. This method is tested using simulations and in vivo data. The depiction of air–tissue boundaries is evaluated quantitatively using a sharpness metric and visual inspection.
Results
Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method provides robust off-resonance correction for spiral readout durations up to 5 ms at 1.5T. In -vivo experiments during human speech production demonstrate that image sharpness is improved in a majority of data sets at air–tissue boundaries including the upper lip, hard palate, soft palate, and tongue boundaries, whereas the lower lip shows little improvement in the edge sharpness after correction.
Conclusion
Dynamic off-resonance correction is feasible from single-TE spiral RT-MRI data, and provides a practical performance improvement in articulator sharpness when applied to speech production imaging.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| mrm27373-sup-0001-Supinfo1.mp4MPEG-4 video, 4 MB |
VIDEO S1 Comparison of results with no correction and correction for 4 different subjects. This supporting information video corresponds to Figure 4 |
| mrm27373-sup-0002-Supinfo2.mp4PDF document, 3.8 MB |
VIDEO S2 Illustration of the estimated field map over time. This supporting information video corresponds to Figure 7 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
REFERENCES
- 1Lingala SG, Sutton BP, Miquel ME, Nayak KS. Recommendations for real-time speech MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016; 43: 28-44.
- 2Bresch E, Kim YC, Nayak KS, Byrd D, Narayanan SS. Seeing speech: capturing vocal tract shaping using real-time magnetic resonance imaging. IEEE Signal Process Mag. 2008; 25: 123-129.
- 3Scott AD, Wylezinska M, Birch MJ, Miquel ME. Speech MRI: morphology and function. Phys Med. 2014; 30: 604-618.
- 4Westbury JR. The significance and measurement of head position during speech production experiments using the x-ray microbeam system. J Acoust Soc Am. 1991; 89: 1782-1791.
- 5Perkell JS, Cohen MH, Svirsky MA, Matthies ML, Garabieta I, Jackson MT. Electromagnetic midsagittal articulometer systems for transducing speech articulatory movements. J Acoust Soc Am. 1992; 92: 3078-3096.
- 6Denby B, Stone M. Speech synthesis from real time ultrasound images of the tongue. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Montreal, Canada, 2004. pp. 685-688.
- 7Block KT, Frahm J. Spiral imaging: a critical appraisal. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005; 21: 657-668.
- 8Schenck JF. The role of magnetic susceptibility in magnetic resonance imaging: MRI magnetic compatibility of the first and second kinds. Med Phys. 1996; 23: 815-850.
- 9Meyer CH, Hu BS, Nishimura DG, Macovski A. Fast spiral coronary artery imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1992; 28: 202-213.
- 10Narayanan SS, Nayak KS, Lee S, Sethy A, Byrd D. An approach to real-time magnetic resonance imaging for speech production. J Acoust Soc Am. 2004; 115: 1771-1776.
- 11Kim YC, Narayanan SS, Nayak KS. Flexible retrospective selection of temporal resolution in real-time speech MRI using a golden-ratio spiral view order. Magn Reson Med. 2011; 65: 1365-1371.
- 12Lingala SG, Zhu Y, Kim Y, Toutios A, Narayanan SS, Nayak KS. A fast and flexible MRI system for the study of dynamic vocal tract shaping. Magn Reson Med. 2017; 77: 112-125.
- 13Proctor MI, Lammert A, Katsamanis A, Goldstein L, Hagedorn C, Narayanan SS. Direct estimation of articulatory kinematics from real-time magnetic resonance image sequences. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of INTERSPEECH, Florence, Italy, August 27-31, 2011. pp. 281-284.
- 14Lammert A, Ramanarayanan V, Proctor MI, Narayanan SS. Vocal tract cross-distance estimation from real-time MRI using region-of-interest analysis. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of INTERSPEECH, Lyon, France, August 25-29, 2013. pp. 959-962.
- 15Proctor MI, Bone D, Katsamanis N, Narayanan SS. Rapid semi-automatic segmentation of real-time magnetic resonance images for parametric vocal tract analysis. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of INTERSPEECH, Makuhari, Japan, September 26-30, 2010. pp. 1576-1579.
- 16Kim J, Kumar N, Lee S, Narayanan SS. Enhanced airway-tissue boundary segmentation for real-time magnetic resonance imaging data. In Proceedings of the 10th International Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP), Cologne, Germany, May 5-8, 2014. pp. 222-225.
- 17Bresch E, Narayanan SS. Region segmentation in the frequency domain applied to upper airway real-time magnetic resonance images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2009; 28: 323-338.
- 18Browman C,
Goldstein LM. Towards an articulatory phonology. Phonology Yearbook. 1986; 3: 219-252.
10.1017/S0952675700000658 Google Scholar
- 19Atik B, Bekerecioglu M, Tan O, Etlik O, Davran R, Arslan H. Evaluation of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in assessing velopharyngeal insufficiency during phonation. J Craniofac Surg. 2008; 19: 566-572.
- 20Drissi C, Mitrofanoff M, Talandier C, Falip C, Le Couls V, Adamsbaum C. Feasibility of dynamic MRI for evaluating velopharyngeal insufficiency in children. Eur Radiol. 2011; 21: 1462-1469.
- 21Scott AD, Boubertakh R, Birch MJ, Miquel ME. Towards clinical assessment of velopharyngeal closure using MRI: Evaluation of real-time MRI sequences at 1.5 and 3T. Br J Radiol. 2012; 85: 1083-1092.
- 22Freitas AC, Wylezinska M, Birch MJ, Petersen SE, Miquel ME. Comparison of Cartesian and non-Cartesian real-time MRI sequences at 1.5T to assess velar motion and velopharyngeal closure during speech. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11: 1-16.
- 23Bae Y, Kuehn DP, Conway CA, Sutton BP. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging of velopharyngeal activities with simultaneous speech recordings. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011; 48: 695-707.
- 24Noll DC, Meyer CH, Pauly JM, Nishimura DG, Macovski A. A homogeneity correction method for magnetic resonance imaging with time-varying gradients. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1991; 10: 629-637.
- 25Man LC, Pauly JM, Macovski A. Multifrequency interpolation for fast off-resonance correction. Magn Reson Med. 1997; 37: 785-792.
- 26Nayak KS, Tsai CM, Meyer CH, Nishimura DG. Efficient off-resonance correction for spiral imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2001; 45: 521-524.
- 27Man LC, Pauly JM, Macovski A. Improved automatic off-resonance correction without a field map in spiral imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1997; 37: 906-913.
- 28Noll DC, Pauly JM, Meyer CH, Nishimura DG, Macovski A. Deblurring for non-2D Fourier transform magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1992; 25: 319-333.
- 29Chen W, Meyer CH. Fast automatic linear off-resonance correction method for spiral imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2006; 56: 457-462.
- 30Smith TB, Nayak KS. Automatic off-resonance correction in spiral imaging with piecewise linear autofocus. Magn Reson Med. 2013; 69: 82-90.
- 31Sutton BP, Conway CA, Bae Y, Seethamraju R, Kuehn DP. Faster dynamic imaging of speech with field inhomogeneity corrected spiral fast low angle shot (FLASH) at 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2010; 32: 1228-1237.
- 32Chen W, Meyer CH. Semiautomatic off-resonance correction in spiral imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2008; 59: 1212-1219.
- 33Lee D, Nayak KS, Pauly J. Reducing spurious minima in automatic off-resonance correction for spiral imaging. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Kyoto, Japan, 2004. p. 2678.
- 34Roemer PB, Edelstein WA, Hayes CE, Souza SP, Mueller OM. The NMR phased array. Magn Reson Med. 1990; 16: 192-225.
- 35Fessler JA, Sutton BP. Nonuniform fast Fourier transforms using min-max interpolation. IEEE Trans Signal Proc. 2003; 51: 560-574.
- 36Lingala SG, Toutios A, Toger J, et al. State-of-the-art MRI protocol for comprehensive assessment of vocal tract structure and function. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of INTERSPEECH, San Francisco, CA, September 8-12, 2016. pp. 475-479.
- 37Santos JM, Wright GA, Pauly JM. Flexible real-time magnetic resonance imaging framework. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004; 2: 1048-1051.
- 38Sutton BP, Noll DC, Fessler JA. Fast, iterative, field-corrected image reconstruction for MRI. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2003; 22: 178-188.
- 39Fessler JA, Lee S, Olafsson VT, Shi HR, Noll DC. Toeplitz-based iterative image reconstruction for MRI with correction for magnetic field inhomogeneity. IEEE Trans Signal Proc. 2005; 53: 3393-3402.
- 40Vaz C, Toutios A, Narayanan SS. Convex hull convolutive non-negative matrix factorization for uncovering temporal patterns in multivariate time-series data. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of INTERSPEECH, San Francisco, CA, September 8-12, 2016. pp. 963-967.
- 41Kim J, Lammert AC, Kumar Ghosh P, Narayanan SS. Co-registration of speech production datasets from electromagnetic articulography and real-time magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 2014; 135: EL115-EL121.
- 42Töger J, Sorensen T, Somandepalli K, et al. Test–retest repeatability of human speech biomarkers from static and real-time dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 2017; 141: 3323-3336.
- 43Story BH, Titze IR, Hoffman EA. Vocal tract area functions from magnetic resonance imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 1996; 100: 537-554.
- 44Kim YC, Kim J, Proctor MI, et al. Toward automatic vocal tract area function estimation from accelerated three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. In Proceedings of the ISCA Workshop on Speech Production in Automatic Speech Recognition, Lyon, France, August 30, 2013. pp. 2-5.
- 45Skordilis ZI, Toutios A, Toger J, Narayanan SS. Estimation of vocal tract area function from volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, New Orleans, LA, March 5-9, 2017. pp. 924-928.
- 46Robinson S, Grabner G, Witoszynskyj S, Trattnig S. Combining phase images from multi-channel RF coils using 3D phase offset maps derived from a dual-echo scan. Magn Reson Med. 2011; 65: 1638-1648.
- 47Brown RW, Cheng YCN, Haacke EM, Thompson MR, Venkatesan R. Magnetic resonance imaging: physical principles and sequence design. Second Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2014. 1008 p.
