Diffusion-weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode (DW-STEAM) MR spectroscopy to measure fat unsaturation in regions with low proton-density fat fraction
Corresponding Author
Stefan Ruschke
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Correspondence to: Stefan Ruschke, M.Sc., Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorHermine Kienberger
Bioanalytik Weihenstephan, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Baum
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMarcus Settles
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAxel Haase
Zentralinstitut für, Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Rychlik
Bioanalytik Weihenstephan, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorErnst J. Rummeny
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDimitrios C. Karampinos
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Stefan Ruschke
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Correspondence to: Stefan Ruschke, M.Sc., Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorHermine Kienberger
Bioanalytik Weihenstephan, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Baum
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMarcus Settles
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAxel Haase
Zentralinstitut für, Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Rychlik
Bioanalytik Weihenstephan, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorErnst J. Rummeny
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDimitrios C. Karampinos
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Purpose
To propose and optimize diffusion-weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode (DW-STEAM) for measuring fat unsaturation in the presence of a strong water signal by suppressing the water signal based on a shorter T2 and higher diffusivity of water relative to fat.
Methods
A parameter study for point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and STEAM using oil phantoms was performed and correlated with gas chromatography (GC). Simulations of muscle tissue signal behavior using DW-STEAM and long–echo time (TE) PRESS and a parameter optimization for DW-STEAM were conducted. DW-STEAM and long-TE PRESS were applied in the gastrocnemius muscles of nine healthy subjects.
Results
STEAM with TE and mixing time (TM) up to 45 ms exhibited R2 correlations above 0.98 with GC and little T2-weighting and J-modulation for the quantified olefinic/methylene peak ratio. The optimal parameters for muscle tissue using DW-STEAM were b-value = 1800 s/mm2, TE = 33 ms, TM = 30 ms, and repetition time = 2300 ms. In vivo measured mean olefinic signal-to-noise ratios were 72 and 40, mean apparent olefinic water fractions were 0.19 and 0.11 for DW-STEAM and long-TE PRESS, respectively.
Conclusion
Optimized DW-STEAM MR spectroscopy is superior to long-TE PRESS for measuring fat unsaturation, if a strong water peak prevents the olefinic fat signal's quantification at shorter TEs and water's tissue specific ADC is substantially higher than fat. Magn Reson Med 75:32–41, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supporting Information
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.
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| mrm25578-sup-0001-suppfig1.docx187.6 KB |
Supporting Information Figure 1. R2 correlation between STEAM-TE and GC results for area ratio F to B and ULtotal, fUL, and fPUL as described by Ye et al. (12). C1 refers to the α-olefinic contribution at 2.02 ppm of peak C only. The series parameters for STEAM-TE were as follows: TE = 12–200 ms, TM = 16 ms, and TR = 2300 ms. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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