Multispectral quantification of tissue types in a RIF-1 tumor model with histological validation. Part I†
Erica C. Henning
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChieko Azuma
Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher H. Sotak
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Karl G. Helmer
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Athinoula A. Martinos Center, for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129===Search for more papers by this authorErica C. Henning
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChieko Azuma
Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher H. Sotak
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Karl G. Helmer
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Athinoula A. Martinos Center, for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129===Search for more papers by this authorPresented in part at the 12th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Kyoto, Japan, 2004, and the 13th Annual Meeting of ISMRM, Miami Beach, FL, USA, 2005.
Abstract
Accurate assessments of therapeutic efficacy are confounded by intra- and intertumor heterogeneity. To address this issue we employed multispectral (MS) analysis using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2, proton density (M0), and k-means (KM) clustering algorithm to identify multiple compartments within both viable and necrotic tissue in a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) tumor model receiving single-dose (1000 cGy) radiotherapy. Optimization of the KM method was achieved through histological validation by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) immunohistochemistry. The optimum KM method was determined to be a two-feature (ADC, T2) and four-cluster (two clusters each of viable tissue and necrosis) segmentation. KM volume estimates for both viable (r = 0.94, P < 0.01) and necrotic (r = 0.69, P = 0.07) tissue were highly correlated with their H&E counterparts. HIF-1α immunohistochemistry showed that the intensity of HIF-1α expression tended to be concentrated in perinecrotic regions, supporting the subdivision of the viable tissue into well-oxygenated and hypoxic regions. Since both necrosis and hypoxia have been implicated in poor treatment response and reduced patient survival, the ability to quantify the degree of necrosis and the severity of hypoxia with this method may aid in the planning and modification of treatment regimens. Magn Reson Med 57:501–512, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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