Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo assessment of damage and functional improvement following spinal cord injury in mice
Corresponding Author
Bram Stieltjes
Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Bram Stieltjes, German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology (E010), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Ana Martin-Villalba, Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, INF2801 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Klussmann
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Bock
Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorReiner Umathum
Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJain Mangalathu
Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorElisabeth Letellier
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorWerner Rittgen
Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLutz Edler
Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPeter H. Krammer
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHans-Ulrich Kauczor
Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ana Martin-Villalba
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Bram Stieltjes, German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology (E010), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Ana Martin-Villalba, Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, INF2801 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Essig
Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bram Stieltjes
Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Bram Stieltjes, German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology (E010), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Ana Martin-Villalba, Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, INF2801 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Klussmann
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Bock
Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorReiner Umathum
Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJain Mangalathu
Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorElisabeth Letellier
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorWerner Rittgen
Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorLutz Edler
Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPeter H. Krammer
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHans-Ulrich Kauczor
Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ana Martin-Villalba
Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Bram Stieltjes, German Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiology (E010), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Ana Martin-Villalba, Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, INF2801 69120 Heidelberg, Germany===
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Essig
Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In past decades, much effort has been invested in developing therapies for spinal injuries. Lack of standardization of clinical read-out measures, however, makes direct comparison of experimental therapies difficult. Damage and therapeutic effects in vivo are routinely evaluated using rather subjective behavioral tests. Here we show that manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) can be used to examine the extent of damage following spinal cord injury (SCI) in mice in vivo. Injection of MnCl2 solution into the cerebrospinal fluid leads to manganese uptake into the spinal cord. Furthermore, after injury MEMRI-derived quantitative measures correlate closely with clinical locomotor scores. Improved locomotion due to treating the detrimental effects of SCI with an established therapy (neutralization of CD95Ligand) is reflected in an increase of manganese uptake into the injured spinal cord. Therefore, we demonstrate that MEMRI is a sensitive and objective tool for in vivo visualization and quantification of damage and functional improvement after SCI. Thus, MEMRI can serve as a reproducible surrogate measure of the clinical status of the spinal cord in mice, potentially becoming a standard approach for evaluating experimental therapies. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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