Carbon blacks as EPR sensors for localized measurements of tissue oxygenation
Minbo Lan
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorNelson Beghein
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorNicolas Charlier
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bernard Gallez
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
CMFA/REMA, Avenue Mounier 73.40, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium===Search for more papers by this authorMinbo Lan
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorNelson Beghein
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorNicolas Charlier
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bernard Gallez
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, and Laboratory of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
CMFA/REMA, Avenue Mounier 73.40, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium===Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
New electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry probes were identified in the class of carbon black materials. These compounds exhibit very high oxygen sensitivity and favorable EPR characteristics for biological applications. At low pO2, the linewidth is particularly sensitive to changes in oxygen tension (sensitivity of 750 mG/mmHg). The application of the probes for oximetry was demonstrated in vivo: the pO2 was measured in muscle in which the blood flow was temporarily restricted as well as in tumor-bearing mice during a carbogen breathing challenge. The responsiveness to pO2 was stable in muscle for at least 3 months. No toxicity was observed using these materials in cellular experiments and in histological studies performed 2, 7, and 28 days after implantation. In view of their EPR characteristics (high sensitivity) as well as the well-characterized production procedure that make them available on a large scale, these probes can be considered as very promising tools for future developments in EPR oximetry. Magn Reson Med 51:1272–1278, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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