Volume 67, Issue 6 e70256
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Sequentially Rotated-Fed Patch Array Antenna for Off-Body Communication

Anurag Sahu

Anurag Sahu

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

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Ishika Gangwani

Ishika Gangwani

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

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Arvind Kumar

Corresponding Author

Arvind Kumar

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Correspondence: Arvind Kumar ([email protected])

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Neeraj Rao

Neeraj Rao

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

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First published: 02 June 2025

ABSTRACT

This study presents a 2 × 2 sequentially rotated patch antenna array designed for a body area network (BAN) biotelemetry system operating in the unlicensed 5.8 GHz band. Circular polarization is achieved by truncating two diagonally opposite corners of the square patches, which excites two orthogonal modes within the antenna. This design enables the generation of circularly polarized radiation with enhanced characteristics in terms of bandwidth and gain. A prototype of the antenna array was manufactured and experimentally validated, demonstrating strong agreement between the simulated and measured results in terms of impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, gain, and radiation characteristics. The measured results show that the antenna operates from 5.65 to 5.91 GHz with a peak gain of 9.8 dBic. With its compact and low-profile design, the proposed antenna is well-suited for low-profile devices operating in the ISM band for biomedical applications.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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