This paper presents an observer-based control strategy for time-delay systems, where the time delay is considered to be variable to better reflect real-world applications. The system is further subjected to randomly varying input nonlinearity and scaling attacks. The input nonlinearity, exhibiting stochastic behavior, is modeled using a probabilistic framework with uncertain probabilities. To effectively characterize scaling attacks, a comprehensive model is introduced. The primary objective of this study is to establish tractable stability conditions with reduced conservatism. Using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach, a robust observer-based control strategy is developed, ensuring stability of the system. To further refine the stability conditions, delay fractionizing and matrix inequality techniques are employed, making the results dependent on the delay fraction size. By integrating these techniques, the proposed approach offers a systematic solution to the challenges associated with time-delay systems featuring variable delays and random input nonlinearity. Finally, numerical examples are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, demonstrating its ability to achieve the desired system performance under the given conditions.