Polycaprolactone/Testicular Extracellular Matrix/Graphene Oxide-Based Electrospun Tubular Scaffolds for Reproductive Medicine: Biomimetic Architecture of Seminiferous Tubules
Amirhossein Mohammadi
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048 Iran
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMorteza Koruji
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048 Iran
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMahmoud Azami
Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469 Iran
Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorRonak Shabani
Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorSanam Mohandesnezhad
Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorZahra Bashiri
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517789971 Iran
Omid Fertility & Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, 6516796198 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hamidreza Asgari
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048 Iran
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAmirhossein Mohammadi
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048 Iran
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMorteza Koruji
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048 Iran
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorMahmoud Azami
Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469 Iran
Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorRonak Shabani
Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorSanam Mohandesnezhad
Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755469 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorZahra Bashiri
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517789971 Iran
Omid Fertility & Infertility Clinic, Hamedan, 6516796198 Iran
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hamidreza Asgari
Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 88770048 Iran
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614525 Iran
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Numerous scaffolds are developed in the field of testicular bioengineering. However, effectively replicating the spatial characteristics of native tissue, poses a challenge in maintaining the requisite cellular arrangement essential for spermatogenesis. In order to mimic the structural properties of seminiferous tubules, the objective is to fabricate a biocompatible tubular scaffold. Following the decellularization process of the testicular tissue, validation of cellular remnants' elimination from the specimens is conducted using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and DNA content analysis. The presence of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is confirmed through Alcian blue, Orcein, and Masson's trichrome staining techniques. The electrospinning technique is employed to synthesize the scaffolds using polycaprolactone (PCL), extracted ECM, and varying concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Subsequently, comprehensive evaluations are performed to assess the properties of the synthetic scaffolds. These evaluations encompass Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy imaging, scaffold degradation testing, mechanical behavior analysis, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, and in vivo biocompatibility assessment. The PCL/decellularized extracellular matrix with 0.5% GO formulation exhibits superior fiber morphology and enhanced mechanical properties, and outperforms other groups in terms of in vitro biocompatibility. Consequently, these scaffolds present a viable option for implementation in “in vitro spermatogenesis” procedures, holding promise for future sperm production from spermatogonial cells.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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