Dryland nitrogen deposition induces microbiome-driven increases in biocrust respiration and losses of soil carbon
Weiqiang Dou
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bo Xiao
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China/Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
Correspondence
Bo Xiao, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorManuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Revillini
Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorGiora J. Kidron
Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorWeiqiang Dou
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Bo Xiao
Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, China
Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China/Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
Correspondence
Bo Xiao, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorManuel Delgado-Baquerizo
Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Revillini
Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorGiora J. Kidron
Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Biocrusts are a dominant component in drylands worldwide and play critical roles in supporting soil microbial diversity and carbon (C) stocks. Nitrogen (N) fertilization associated with human activities threatens drylands, which are often considered N-limited ecosystems. Here, we conducted a field experiment in two contrasting soil types (loess vs. sand) to investigate the impacts of low (30 kg N ha−1 year−1) and high (90 kg N ha−1 year−1) fertilization on moss-biocrust dominated traits, soil nutrients, microbial taxonomic richness, soil C stocks and respiration rates (Rs). We showed that 5 months of N addition resulted in reductions in soil organic C content by 91% and increased both soil microbial richness and diversity. Our results further showed that relative to controls, low levels of N addition increased biocrust Rs by 52% through increased moss biomass and density (38% and 73%) and microbial taxonomic richness and diversity (18% and 23%), while no significant changes in biocrust Rs were observed after high levels of N addition. Considering multiple environmental factors simultaneously, we show that N fertilization indirectly promoted soil respiration and C losses via increases in microbial richness and diversity, which are critical drivers of soil function. Our work provides solid evidence that N deposition, even at low levels of N addition, can result in rapid losses of C in dryland soils. Our findings suggest that to maintain healthy dryland ecosystems and promote C, we must mitigate future land degradation and minimize anthropogenic N deposition.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
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| ldr4942-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 1.7 MB | Data S1. Supporting Information. |
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