An approach combining the integral equation method with a generalized image technique for modeling incabin radio wave propagation
Corresponding Author
Wei-Jiang Zhao
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Correspondence
Wei-Jiang Zhao, Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorEn-Xiao Liu
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorBinfang Wang
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorSi-Ping Gao
NUSNNI-NanoCore and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorChing Eng Png
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Wei-Jiang Zhao
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Correspondence
Wei-Jiang Zhao, Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138632.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorEn-Xiao Liu
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorBinfang Wang
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorSi-Ping Gao
NUSNNI-NanoCore and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorChing Eng Png
Department of Electronics and Photonics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
An approach that combines the integral equation (IE) method with a generalized image technique (GIT) is proposed for modeling radio wave propagation inside an electrically large and imperfectly conducting closed environment. The electric current distribution on a transmit antenna solved with a method of moment procedure is expressed as a weighted sum of basis functions. Each basis function with a small dimension is thought as a subtransmitter. The GIT is introduced to compute the single and multiple reflections by imperfectly conducting walls due to the radiation from these subtransmitters. The proposed approach can be applied to predict the radio wave propagation from a transmitter in the vicinity of an electrically large environment. Its validity is demonstrated through some numerical examples where full-wave results are available.
REFERENCES
- 1Sarkar TK, Ji Z, Kim K, Medouri A, Salazar-Palma M. Survey of various propagation models for mobile communication. IEEE Antennas Propagat Magaz. 2003; 3: 51-82.
- 2Hashemi H. The indoor radio propagation channel. Proc IEEE. 1993; 7: 943-968.
- 3Iskander MF, Yun Z. Propagation prediction models for wireless communication systems. IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech. 2002; 3: 662-673.
- 4Ji Z, Li BH, Wang HX, Chen HY, Sarkar TK. Efficient ray-tracing methods for propagation prediction for indoor wireless communications. IEEE Antennas Propagat Magaz. 2001; 2: 42-49.
- 5Honcharenko W, Bertoni HL, Dailing J. Mechanism governing propagation on single floors in modern office buildings. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 1992; 11: 496-504.
- 6Seidel SY, Rappaport TS. Site-specific propagation prediction for wireless in-building personal communication system design. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 1994; 11: 879-891.
- 7Zhang YP, Hwang Y, Kouyoumjian RG. Ray-optical prediction of radio-wave propagation characteristics in tunnel environments—part 2: analysis and measurements. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 1998; 9: 1337-1345.
- 8McKown JW, Hamilton Jr RL. Ray tracying as a design tool for radio networks. IEEE Network Mag. 1991; 11: 27-30.
10.1109/65.103807 Google Scholar
- 9Ho CMP, Rappaport TS. Wireless channel prediction in a modern office building using an image-based ray tracing method. In: Global Telecommunications Conference, Vol. 11-12; 1993; Houston, TX, USA: 1247-1251.
- 10Tan SY, Tan HS. A microcellular communications propagation model based on the uniform theory of diffraction and multiple image theory. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 1996; 10: 1317-1326.
- 11Zhang YP, Hong HJ. Ray-optical modeling of simulcast radio propagation channels in tunnels. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 2004; 6: 1800-1808.
- 12Cátedra MF, Pérez J. Cell Planning for Wireless Communications. Reading MA: Artech House; 1999.
- 13Bui VP, Wei XC, Li EP, Zhao WJ. An efficient hybrid technique for analysis of the electromagnetic field distribution inside a closed environment. Progress Electromagnet Res. 2011; 114: 301-315.
- 14Chen SH, Jeng SK. SBR image approach for radio wave propagation in tunnels with and without traffic. IEEE Trans Veh Technol. 1996; 8: 570-578.
- 15Debono CJ, Farrugia RA, Chetcuti K. Modelling of the wireless propagation characteristics inside aircraft. In: TT Arif, ed. Aerospace Technologies Advancements: InTech; 2010: 361-378.
- 16Hankins G, Vahala L, Beggs JH. Propagation prediction inside a B767 in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz radio bands. In: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Vol. 7; 2005; Washington, DC, USA: 791-794.
- 17Díaz NR, Pérez BS, Fontán FP. Deterministic propagation modelling inside aircraft cabins. In: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. ITS Telecommunicat. (ITST '05); 2005; Brest, France: 6.
- 18Sarkar TK, Dyab W, Abdallah MN, et al. Physics of propagation in a cellular wireless communication environment. URSI Radio Sci Bullet. 2012; 343: 5-21.
- 19Balanis CA. Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 1996.
- 20Liu Z, Wang X, Wang C. Installed performance modeling of complex antenna array mounted on extremely large-scale platform using fast MoM-PO hybrid framework. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2014; 7: 3852-3858.
- 21Liu Z, Wang C. An efficient iterative mom-PO hybrid method for analysis of an onboard wire antenna array on a large-scale platform above an infinite ground. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag. 2013; 6: 69-78.
- 22Gao SP, Wang BF, Zhao H, Zhao WJ, Png CE. Installed radiation pattern of patch antennas: prediction based on a novel equivalent model. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag. 2015; 3: 81-94.
- 23Gao SP, Zhao H, Zhao WJ, Liu EX. Equivalent model built with limited information: predicting installed performance of slotted waveguide antennas. IEEE Antennas Propag Mag. 2018; 5: 52-61.
- 24Gao SP, Zhao H, Deng HW, Wang BF, Zhao WJ. Estimating interference to airborne patch antenna with limited information. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat. 2016; 2: 631-634.
- 25Zhao H, Zhang Y, Hu J, Li EP. Iteration-free phase retrieval for directive radiators using field amplitudes on two closely-separated observation planes. IEEE Trans Electromagn Compat. 2016; 2: 607-610.
- 26Zhao H, Tao S, Chen Z, Hu J. Sparse source model for prediction of radiations by transmission lines on a ground plane using a small number of near field samples. IEEE Antennas Wirel Propag Let. 2019; 1: 103-107.
- 27Zhao WJ, Li LW, Li EP, Xiao K. Analysis of radiation characteristics of conformal microstrip arrays using adaptive integral method. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 2012; 2: 1176-1181.
- 28Zhao WJ, Li LW, Gan YB. Efficient analysis of antenna radiation in the presence of airborne dielectric radomes of arbitrary shape. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 2005; 1: 442-449.
- 29Zhao WJ, Li LW, Hu L. Efficient current-based hybrid analysis of wire antennas mounted on a large realistic aircraft. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 2010; 8: 2666-2672.
- 30Klement D, Preissner J, Stein V. Special problems in applying the physical optics method for backscatter computations of complicated objects. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 1988; 2: 228-237.
- 31Brekhovskikh LM. Waves in Layered Media. New York: Academic; 1960. 1–134.
10.1016/B978-0-12-395777-1.50004-6 Google Scholar
- 32Zhao WJ, Gan YB, Li LW, Wang CF. Effects of an electrically large airborne radome on radiation patterns and input impedance of a dipole array. IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat. 2007; 8: 2399-2402.
- 33Balanis CA. Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1989.