Quantitative mapping of total choline in healthy human breast using proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) at 3 Tesla
Corresponding Author
Chenguang Zhao PhD
Department of Neurology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC 105620, Albuquerque, NM, 87131Search for more papers by this authorPatrick J. Bolan PhD
Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMelanie Royce MD, PhD
Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNavneeth Lakkadi MS
Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSteven Eberhardt MD
Department of Radiology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorLaurel Sillerud PhD
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSang-Joon Lee PhD
Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Posse PhD
Department of Neurology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Chenguang Zhao PhD
Department of Neurology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC 105620, Albuquerque, NM, 87131Search for more papers by this authorPatrick J. Bolan PhD
Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMelanie Royce MD, PhD
Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNavneeth Lakkadi MS
Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSteven Eberhardt MD
Department of Radiology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorLaurel Sillerud PhD
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSang-Joon Lee PhD
Department of Internal Medicine and UNM Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Posse PhD
Department of Neurology and UNM Cancer Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Purpose:
To quantitatively measure tCho levels in healthy breasts using Proton-Echo-Planar-Spectroscopic-Imaging (PEPSI).
Materials and Methods:
The two-dimensional mapping of tCho at 3 Tesla across an entire breast slice using PEPSI and a hybrid spectral quantification method based on LCModel fitting and integration of tCho using the fitted spectrum were developed. This method was validated in 19 healthy females and compared with single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) and with PRESS prelocalized conventional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) using identical voxel size (8 cc) and similar scan times (∼7 min).
Results:
A tCho peak with a signal to noise ratio larger than 2 was detected in 10 subjects using both PEPSI and SVS. The average tCho concentration in these subjects was 0.45 ± 0.2 mmol/kg using PEPSI and 0.48 ± 0.3 mmol/kg using SVS. Comparable results were obtained in two subjects using conventional MRSI. High lipid content in the spectra of nine tCho negative subjects was associated with spectral line broadening of more than 26 Hz, which made tCho detection impossible. Conventional MRSI with PRESS prelocalization in glandular tissue in two of these subjects yielded tCho concentrations comparable to PEPSI.
Conclusion:
The detection sensitivity of PEPSI is comparable to SVS and conventional PRESS-MRSI. PEPSI can be potentially used in the evaluation of tCho in breast cancer. A tCho threshold concentration value of ∼0.7 mmol/kg might be used to differentiate between cancerous and healthy (or benign) breast tissues based on this work and previous studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:1113–1123. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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