Frontiers in Musculoskeletal Imaging
Image-based musculoskeletal modeling: Applications, advances, and future opportunities
Silvia S. Blemker PhD,
Deanna S. Asakawa PhD,
Garry E. Gold MD,
Scott L. Delp PhD,
Corresponding Author
Silvia S. Blemker PhD
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, P.O. Box 400746, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4746Search for more papers by this authorDeanna S. Asakawa PhD
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGarry E. Gold MD
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorScott L. Delp PhD
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSilvia S. Blemker PhD,
Deanna S. Asakawa PhD,
Garry E. Gold MD,
Scott L. Delp PhD,
Corresponding Author
Silvia S. Blemker PhD
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way, P.O. Box 400746, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4746Search for more papers by this authorDeanna S. Asakawa PhD
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGarry E. Gold MD
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorScott L. Delp PhD
Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Computer models of the musculoskeletal system are broadly used to study the mechanisms of musculoskeletal disorders and to simulate surgical treatments. Musculoskeletal models have historically been created based on data derived in anatomical and biomechanical studies of cadaveric specimens. MRI offers an abundance of novel methods for acquisition of data from living subjects and is revolutionizing the field of musculoskeletal modeling. The need to create accurate, individualized models of the musculoskeletal system is driving advances in MRI techniques including static imaging, dynamic imaging, diffusion imaging, body imaging, pulse-sequence design, and coil design. These techniques apply to imaging musculoskeletal anatomy, muscle architecture, joint motions, muscle moment arms, and muscle tissue deformations. Further advancements in image-based musculoskeletal modeling will expand the accuracy and utility of models used to study musculoskeletal and neuromuscular impairments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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