D-Mannose Upregulates Testin via the NF-κB Pathway to Inhibit Breast Cancer Proliferation
Xue Cao
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorXinlan Liu
Department of Medical Oncology, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorPing Chen
Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorTingting Wei
Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorQingxia Zhou
Oncology Department, Wuzhong People's Hospital, Wuzhong, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorGuoxin Zhang
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorTong She
Oncology Department, Hospital of Zhongwei, Zhongwei, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhisheng Wang
School of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Correspondence: Zhisheng Wang ([email protected])
Yaobang Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yaobang Liu
Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Correspondence: Zhisheng Wang ([email protected])
Yaobang Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorXue Cao
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorXinlan Liu
Department of Medical Oncology, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorPing Chen
Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorTingting Wei
Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorQingxia Zhou
Oncology Department, Wuzhong People's Hospital, Wuzhong, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorGuoxin Zhang
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorTong She
Oncology Department, Hospital of Zhongwei, Zhongwei, Ningxia, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Zhisheng Wang
School of Inspection, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Correspondence: Zhisheng Wang ([email protected])
Yaobang Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yaobang Liu
Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
Correspondence: Zhisheng Wang ([email protected])
Yaobang Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorXue Cao and Xinlan Liu contributed equally to this work.
ABSTRACT
d-Mannose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide known to enhance the effects of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the growth-regulating mechanism of d-mannose on breast cancer (BC) cells. d-mannose was treated on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 BC cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing test, transwell invasion, and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the viability, invasion, migration, and apoptosis of d-mannose treated BC cells. Testin (TES) expressions in d-mannose treated BC cells were evaluated using western blot analysis, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. The potential regulatory relationship between d-mannose and TES in BC cells were explored by analyzing TES gene expression profile in BC cells using the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena browser database. Immunohistochemical analysis of TES protein was performed in BC tissue samples obtained from patients. It was found that d-mannose significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulating TES expression. TES knockdown downregulated the NF-κB1, NF-κB2, and p65 protein expressions. Therefore, this study highlights that d-mannose have the potential to promote anticancer effects upon further trials using in vivo models and clinical studies.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data underlying this article are available and will be provided upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
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