Volume 113, Issue 6 e35601
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Biogenic Calcium Mineral-Chitosan Composite Nanofiber Dressing for Control of Traumatic Hemorrhage

Pranabesh Kumar Sasmal

Pranabesh Kumar Sasmal

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Shalini Dasgupta

Shalini Dasgupta

Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Howrah, West Bengal, India

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Jerzy Kubacki

Jerzy Kubacki

Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, and Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, Chorzów, Poland

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Samsamul Hoque

Samsamul Hoque

Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Samit Kumar Nandi

Samit Kumar Nandi

Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Abhijit Chanda

Abhijit Chanda

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

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Pallab Datta

Corresponding Author

Pallab Datta

Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Correspondence:

Pallab Datta ([email protected]; [email protected])

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First published: 09 June 2025

Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.

ABSTRACT

Effective biomaterials for traumatic hemorrhage control remain an unmet clinical challenge, while several potential biomaterials, like oyster shell waste, are emerging as key ecological hazards. Hemostatic nanofiber dressing using biogenic calcium powders from Magallana cuttackensis is reported here. Extracted and treated powders were characterized by XRD, EDX, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy to confirm the presence of CaO and Ca(OH)2 as the calcium phases. A chitosan-based nanofiber matrix, one of the most commonly used hemostatic dressing materials, was used as a control nanofiber (CNF) and integrated with shell waste calcium minerals (MSWNF). The hemolysis of CNF and MSWNF nanofibers was 5% ± 0.3% and 4% ± 0.2%, respectively. The in vitro clotting time (CT) under CNF and MSWNF nanofibers was 230 ± 11 s and 198 ± 4 s, which, along with other parameters—prothrombin times (27 ± 0.4 s and 22 ± 0.6 s) and plasma recalcification time (76 ± 4 s and 47 ± 1 s)—indicated enhancement in hemostasis performance by MSWNF over CNF. After in vivo evaluation in the rabbit incision model, the bleeding time of the control group (274 ± 6 s) was longer than CNF (97 ± 8 s) or MSWNF (75 ± 5 s). Blood oozing until hemostasis was 0.380 g, 0.354 g, and 0.121 g under control gauge, CNF, and MSWNF, respectively, demonstrating enhancement in hemostasis performance by MSWNF. Further, histopathological examination proved continued epithelialization and formation of capillaries, indicative of wound healing. The results provide promising evidence for a more effective biomaterial from biogenic oyster shell waste than commonly employed hemostatic dressing materials.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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