Local mechanical response of cells to the controlled rotation of magnetic nanorods
Matias Castillo
Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Ebensperger
Department of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorDenis Wirtz
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
Search for more papers by this authorMagdalena Walczak
Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daniel E. Hurtado
Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Correspondence to: D. E. Hurtado ([email protected]) or A. Celedon ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alfredo Celedon
Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
Correspondence to: D. E. Hurtado ([email protected]) or A. Celedon ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorMatias Castillo
Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Ebensperger
Department of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorDenis Wirtz
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences–Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
Departments of Oncology and Pathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
Search for more papers by this authorMagdalena Walczak
Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Daniel E. Hurtado
Department of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Correspondence to: D. E. Hurtado ([email protected]) or A. Celedon ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alfredo Celedon
Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile
Institute for NanoBiotechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218
Correspondence to: D. E. Hurtado ([email protected]) or A. Celedon ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The mechanical response of the cytoplasm was investigated by the intracellular implantation of magnetic nanorods and exposure to low-frequency rotatory magnetic fields. Nanorods (Pt-Ni, ∼200 nm diameter) fabricated by electrodeposition in templates of porous alumina with lengths of approximately 2 and 5 µm were inserted into NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and manipulated with a rotational magnetic field. Nanorod rotation was observed only for torques greater than 3.0 × 10−16 Nm, suggesting a Bingham-type behavior of the cytoplasm. Higher torques produced considerable deformation of the intracellular material. The cell nucleus and cell membrane were significantly deformed by nanorods actuated by 4.5 × 10−15 Nm torques. Our results demonstrate that nanorods under magnetic fields are an effective tool to mechanically probe the intracellular environment. We envision that our findings may contribute to the noninvasive and direct mechanical characterization of the cytoplasm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1779–1785, 2014.
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