RESEARCH ARTICLE
Discrimination and school outcomes in first nation youth: The role of positive psychological characteristics
Melissa R. Schick,
Akshiti A. Todi,
Tessa Nalven,
Nichea S. Spillane,
Melissa R. Schick
PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAkshiti A. Todi
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Search for more papers by this authorTessa Nalven
PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nichea S. Spillane
PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
Correspondence Nichea S. Spillane, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 110 Chafee Hall, 142 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMelissa R. Schick,
Akshiti A. Todi,
Tessa Nalven,
Nichea S. Spillane,
Melissa R. Schick
PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAkshiti A. Todi
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Search for more papers by this authorTessa Nalven
PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nichea S. Spillane
PATHS Lab, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
Correspondence Nichea S. Spillane, Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 110 Chafee Hall, 142 Flagg Rd, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 01 September 2023
Abstract
Introduction
Positive psychological characteristics have been found to be associated with discrimination and school outcomes separately; however, no work has examined these associations together or in North American Indigenous (NAI) populations. NAI adolescents experience high rates of racial discrimination. Because discrimination has a detrimental impact on academic outcomes it is critical to identify factors that could buffer this impact. The purpose of this study was to examine the indirect effect of racial discrimination on three distinct school outcomes (i.e., attitudes toward school, grades, and educational attainment goals) through the pathway of three positive psychological characteristics (i.e., satisfaction with life, subjective happiness, and self-compassion).
Methods
First Nation adolescents living on a rural reserve in Eastern Canada (N = 106, Mage = 14.6 years, 50.0% female) completed a pencil-and-paper survey in Spring 2017 as part of a larger community-based participatory research study.
Results
In the model examining school attitudes, indirect effects through subjective happiness (b = −0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): [−0.53, −0.03]) and self-compassion (b = −0.19, 95% CI: [−0.39, −0.04]), but not satisfaction with life, were significant. In the model examining grades, only the specific indirect effect through subjective happiness was significant (b = −0.27, 95% CI: [−0.59 −0.07]). Similarly, in the model examining school goals, only the indirect effect through subjective happiness was significant (b = −0.40, 95% CI: [−0.94, −0.08]). The direct effects of discrimination on school attitudes (b = 0.02, 95% CI: [−0.52, 0.56]), grades (b = 0.16, 95% CI: [−0.39, 0.71]), and school goals (b = −0.03, 95% CI: [−0.90, 0.84]) were not significant after controlling for positive psychological characteristics.
Discussion
Schools should foster positive emotions to enhance academic outcomes, especially for NAI youth who are more likely to experience racial discrimination.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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