Smoking modifies the relationship between XRCC1 haplotypes and HPV16-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Katie M. Applebaum
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael D. McClean
Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorHeather H. Nelson
Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Search for more papers by this authorCarmen J. Marsit
Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
Search for more papers by this authorBrock C. Christensen
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Karl T. Kelsey
Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
Fax: 401-863-9008.
Center for Environmental Health and Technology, Departments of Community Health and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USASearch for more papers by this authorKatie M. Applebaum
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael D. McClean
Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorHeather H. Nelson
Masonic Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
Search for more papers by this authorCarmen J. Marsit
Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
Search for more papers by this authorBrock C. Christensen
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Karl T. Kelsey
Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
Fax: 401-863-9008.
Center for Environmental Health and Technology, Departments of Community Health and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USASearch for more papers by this authorAbstract
Reports on the relationship between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and polymorphisms in X-ray cross complementing group 1 (XRCC1) have been inconsistent. We hypothesized this may be due to not accounting for Human papillomavirus type-16 (HPV16) and thus examined whether smoking modified the association between XRCC1 haplotypes and HNSCC risk within HPV16 serologic strata. Cases were diagnosed in Greater Boston, Massachusetts. Controls were matched to cases on age, gender and residential town. Genotyping was conducted on three XRCC1 polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) and serology was used to determine HPV16 exposure. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol consumption and HPV16 serology. There was no overall association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and HNSCC risk. Smoking did not modify the association between XRCC1 polymorphisms and HNSCC risk among the HPV16 seropositive (pinteraction = 0.89) but it did for the HPV16 seronegative (pinteraction=0.04). Among the HPV16 seronegative, heavy smokers with a haplotype containing a variant allele had an increased HNSCC risk (haplotype with 399Gln: OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.97–1.86), whereas never/light smokers with variant alleles may have a reduced risk. In sum, the association between XRCC1 and HNSCC risk differed by HPV16 status and smoking. Among the HPV16 seronegative, heavy smokers with XRCC1 variant alleles had an increased HNSCC risk. There was no relationship between XRCC1 and HPV16-related HNSCC, regardless of smoking. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for HPV16 exposure even when studying susceptibility to HNSCC. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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