Resource allocation for energy efficiency optimization in uplink–downlink decoupled 5G heterogeneous networks
Corresponding Author
Humayun Zubair Khan
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Correspondence
Humayun Zubair Khan, Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMudassar Ali
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorImran Rashid
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAbdul Ghafoor
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammad Naeem
COMSATS University, Islamabad Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAdnan Ahmed Khan
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAdil Masood Saddiqui
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Humayun Zubair Khan
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Correspondence
Humayun Zubair Khan, Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMudassar Ali
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorImran Rashid
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAbdul Ghafoor
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammad Naeem
COMSATS University, Islamabad Wah Campus, Wah Cantt, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAdnan Ahmed Khan
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorAdil Masood Saddiqui
Military College of Signals, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a practical solution for traffic offloading from a high powered base station (HBS) to a low powered base station (LBS). In the HetNets, uplink (UL)–downlink (DL) decoupled access (UDDa) strategy is an optimal solution that ensures cell association, independently, in the UL and DL. This strategy offloads HBS cell edge mobile device (MD) to the nearby LBS in the UL. However, energy-efficient cell association for traffic offloading from HBS to LBS, relay, or device to device (D2D) in the UL employing UDDa strategy has not been explored in the past work. We formulate mathematical models which ensure energy-efficient cell association, power allocation, and traffic offloading employing traditional UL-DL coupled access (UDCa) and UDDa strategies in the HetNets. The formulated problems are concave fractional programming (CFP) problems. The CFP is changed to a concave optimization problem using Charnes–Cooper transformation (CCT). The transformed problems are solved using an outer approximation algorithm to obtain
optimal solution. Simulation results show the effectiveness of UDDa strategy over UDCa strategy in terms of MDs association, traffic offloading in the UL and DL, interference mitigation in the UL, data rate, and energy efficiency in the HetNets.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Research data are not shared.
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