RESEARCH ARTICLE
Clinical and functional outcomes of cannabis use among individuals with anxiety disorders: A 3-year population-based longitudinal study
Daniel Feingold PhD,
Jürgen Rehm PhD,
Hagai Factor MA,
Avigayil Redler MA,
Shaul Lev-Ran MD,
Corresponding Author
Daniel Feingold PhD
Psychology Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel
Correspondence
Daniel Feingold, Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJürgen Rehm PhD
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHagai Factor MA
Masters Program, Psychology Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorAvigayil Redler MA
Masters Program, Psychology Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorShaul Lev-Ran MD
Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Feingold PhD,
Jürgen Rehm PhD,
Hagai Factor MA,
Avigayil Redler MA,
Shaul Lev-Ran MD,
Corresponding Author
Daniel Feingold PhD
Psychology Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel
Correspondence
Daniel Feingold, Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJürgen Rehm PhD
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHagai Factor MA
Masters Program, Psychology Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorAvigayil Redler MA
Masters Program, Psychology Department, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorShaul Lev-Ran MD
Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, Pardesiya, Israel
Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background
Cannabis use has been reported to negatively affect the course and outcome of various psychiatric disorders, yet little is known on its effect on rates of remission from anxiety disorders and associated clinical and functional outcomes.
Methods
In this study, data were drawn from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, focusing on individuals who qualified for a diagnosis of any anxiety disorder (social anxiety, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobias) at Wave 1 (N = 3,723). Cannabis users and individuals with cannabis use disorders (CUDs) throughout a 4-year period were compared to nonusers in rates of remission, suicidality, general functioning, and quality of life at Wave 2, while controlling for baseline confounders.
Results
Although rates of remission decreased with level of cannabis use, this was not maintained in adjusted models. Aside from specific outcomes (individuals with CUDs were significantly more prone to report breaking up from a romantic relationship; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66–8.97) and repeatedly quitting school (AOR = 6.02, 95% CI = 2.65–13.66)), following adjustment no additional differences were found in outcome measures.
Conclusions
These findings add to previous reports suggesting that poorer outcome of anxiety disorders among cannabis users may be attributed mainly to differences in baseline factors and not cannabis use.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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