Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Corresponding Author

John P. Kirwan

[email protected]

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

Correspondence to [email protected]

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Elizabeth C. Heintz,

Elizabeth C. Heintz

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Candida J. Rebello,

Candida J. Rebello

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Christopher L. Axelrod,

Christopher L. Axelrod

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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John P. Kirwan,

Corresponding Author

John P. Kirwan

[email protected]

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

Correspondence to [email protected]

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Elizabeth C. Heintz,

Elizabeth C. Heintz

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Candida J. Rebello,

Candida J. Rebello

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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Christopher L. Axelrod,

Christopher L. Axelrod

Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA

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First published: 23 February 2023

https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2023.tb00259.x

Citations: 3

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4559-4585, 2023.

Synopsis

Didactic Synopsis

Major Teaching Points

Physical activity is a safe and practical lifestyle intervention for the treatment, prevention, and management of type 2 diabetes across the lifespan.
Exercise improves whole-body glucose uptake primarily by enhancing multi-organ insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal.
Both aerobic and resistance exercise improves biochemical markers of type 2 diabetes and multi-modal training approaches result in synergistic and additive benefit.
Exercise training decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, excessive adiposity, and systemic inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Combined pharmacological, surgical, and lifestyle approaches yield maximal biochemical remission of type 2 diabetes. However, additional research on the effects of exercise in combination with medication is required to determine safety and population-level efficacy.

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Volume13, Issue2

April 2023

Pages 4559-4585

Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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