Highly Selective Vapor-Phase Acylation of Veratrole over H3PO4/TiO2-ZrO2: Using Ethyl Acetate as a Green and Efficient Acylating Agent
Roozbeh Javad Kalbasi
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Razi Chemistry Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Tel.: 0098-0321-3292072; Fax: 0098-0321-3293095
Search for more papers by this authorAlireza Abbaspourrad
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Reza Massah
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Razi Chemistry Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorFarzad Zamani
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Razi Chemistry Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorRoozbeh Javad Kalbasi
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Razi Chemistry Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Tel.: 0098-0321-3292072; Fax: 0098-0321-3293095
Search for more papers by this authorAlireza Abbaspourrad
Search for more papers by this authorAhmad Reza Massah
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Razi Chemistry Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorFarzad Zamani
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Razi Chemistry Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
A simple sol-gel method with and without surfactant was applied to prepare TiO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides containing Ti and Zr at a molar ratio of 1:1. Several catalysts containing w=15% –35% H3PO4 were set up using these mixed oxides. The physical and chemical properties of catalysts were investigated by BET, SEM and pyridine adsorption-desorption. The catalytic performance of each material was determined for the vapor-phase acylation of veratrole (1,2-dimethoxybenzene) to 3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone (3,4-DMAP), which was found to be the major product of the reaction of veratrole with ethyl acetate, with alkylated products being the minor products. 2,3-Dimethoxyacetophenone (2,3-DMAP) was not detected in the product stream. In the best experimental conditions, the alkylated products were less than 0.7%. This reaction may represent an environmentally friendly alternative to use the ethyl acetate as the acylating reagent. The feed molar ratios of veratrole/ethyl acetate were varied over a wide range of 0.1 to 1, and the optimum feed ratio of veratrole/ethyl acetate was 1:3. Space velocity employed in the veratrole acylation reported as WHSV (veratrole) was 1.2 h−1. The acylation reactions were carried out in the temperature range of 423 to 673 K and the optimum H3PO4 content for acylation was w=15%.
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