Inhibition of Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms by Cinnamaldehyde and Eugenol From Essential Oils: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
Corresponding Author
Asma Benaissa
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Correspondence: Asma Benaissa ([email protected]) | Alfred Ngenge Tamfu ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorWafaa Bouali
Laboratory Antifungal, Antibiotic, Physico-chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Sciences of the Earth and the Universe, University Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Correspondence: Asma Benaissa ([email protected]) | Alfred Ngenge Tamfu ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Software (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorBousselham Ammara
Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Center of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorSelcuk Kucukaydin
Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorNawel Latti
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAbdelmounaim Khadir
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Department of Biology, Oran University, Oran, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorMourad Bendahou
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorEl Hassane Anouar
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Software (lead), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorOzgur Ceylan
Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (lead), Visualization (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Asma Benaissa
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Correspondence: Asma Benaissa ([email protected]) | Alfred Ngenge Tamfu ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorWafaa Bouali
Laboratory Antifungal, Antibiotic, Physico-chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Sciences of the Earth and the Universe, University Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Correspondence: Asma Benaissa ([email protected]) | Alfred Ngenge Tamfu ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Software (equal), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorBousselham Ammara
Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Center of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorSelcuk Kucukaydin
Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Koycegiz Vocational School of Health Services, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorNawel Latti
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAbdelmounaim Khadir
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Department of Biology, Oran University, Oran, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorMourad Bendahou
Laboratory of Applied Microbiology in Food, Biomedical, and Environment (LAMAABE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Nature, Life, Earth, and Universe, Abou Bekr Belkaïd University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorEl Hassane Anouar
Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Resources (equal), Software (lead), Validation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorOzgur Ceylan
Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (lead), Visualization (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work is supported by the General Directorate for Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT), Algeria.
ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes nosocomial infections and chronic diseases. Cinnamomum cassia and Syzygium aromaticum are used natural antimicrobials. Essential oil (EO) from C. cassia (CCEO) and S. aromaticum (CEO) was characterized using GC-MS analysis. Eugenol (82.31%), eugenol acetate (10.57%), and β-caryophyllene (3.41%) were major constituents in CEO while cinnamaldehyde (88.18%), cinnamyl acetate (2.85%) and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde (1.77%) were main components in CCEO. The EOs and major constituents exhibited good antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Cinnamaldehyde exhibited the best antimicrobial effect with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as low as 0.031% ± 0.07% (v/v) and inhibition zones reaching 30 ± 0.5 mm diameter. Test samples showed antibiofilm activities against two culture types and seven clinical strains of P. aeruginosa at concentrations of 2MIC to MIC/4. CCEO and its major constituent cinnamaldehyde were more active, compared to CEO and its major constituent eugenol. Scanning electron microscopy images showed untreated colonies with well-developed biofilms while there was significant reduction of biofilms with distorted architecture and cell shrinkage upon treatment with test samples. In silico studies indicated great interactions between the major compounds, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, with the receptor proteins of P. aeruginosa revealed by negative binding energies. Eugenol and cinnamaldehyde exhibited appreciable druglikeness.
Graphical Abstract
Essential oils from Cinnamomum cassia and Syzygium aromaticum are abundantly rich in cinnaldehyde and eugenol respectively. The essential oils of both plants and their major compounds, cinnaldehyde and eugenol displayed very good antibiofilm activity against clinical strains of P. aeruginosa which was confirmed by SEM images. Molecular docking indicated good binding affinity of cinnaldehyde and eugenol with LasR protein as well as good druglikness. This shows that the essential oils and their major components can be used to treat infections caused by P. aeruginosa and relief resistant infections resulting from biofilms.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
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