Mechanistic Insights into Bisphenol A-Mediated Male Infertility: Potential Role of Panax Ginseng Extract
Basma I. El-Shimi
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorRafat M. Mohareb
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorHanaa H. Ahmed
Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Stem Cell Lab., Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorRehab S. Abohashem
Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Stem Cell Lab., Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorKhaled F. Mahmoud
Food Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Demiana H. Hanna
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorBasma I. El-Shimi
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorRafat M. Mohareb
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorHanaa H. Ahmed
Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Stem Cell Lab., Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorRehab S. Abohashem
Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Stem Cell Lab., Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorKhaled F. Mahmoud
Food Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Demiana H. Hanna
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Male infertility is identified by the inability of a man to successfully impregnate his fertile female partner, even following a year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. About half of all infertility cases are attributed to what is known as “male factor” infertility. The escalating prevalence of male infertility in the contemporary era across the globe can be largely attributed to environmental pollution, which is the common etiological factor due to the ubiquitous presence of the environmental contaminants. Bisphenol A is recognized as an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has adverse effects on both male and female reproductive systems. On the other hand, numerous studies have demonstrated that Panax ginseng possessed the potential to improve male infertility parameters; promote spermatogenesis, recover the quality and motility of sperm and enhance testicular functions as it acted as a natural androgen supplement. The objective of this review is to offer a summary of the findings obtained from the current research data on the insult of bisphenol A (BPA) on male infertility and its supposed mode of action, as well as shed light on the potent ameliorative role of Panax ginseng extract, with a special focus on the mechanism behind its action. This review delivers a clear understanding of BPA mechanism of action on male infertility and the presumed risks deriving from its exposure. Also, this review provides evidence for the functional role of Panax ginseng extract in restoring male fertility.
Graphical Abstract
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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