Volume 8, Issue 3 e70169
RESEARCH ARTICLE

How to Ensure Sustainability Practices Have a Positive Influence in Small and Medium-Sized Companies? Evidence of Quadratic Relationships and Moderating Effect of Innovation?

José Antonio Clemente-Almendros

Corresponding Author

José Antonio Clemente-Almendros

Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain

Correspondence:

José Antonio Clemente-Almendros ([email protected])

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Manuel Moreno García

Manuel Moreno García

EAE Business School, Barcelona, Spain

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Samer Ajour El Zein

Samer Ajour El Zein

EAE Business School, Barcelona, Spain

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First published: 27 July 2025

Funding: This work was supported by Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, PP-2021-04.

ABSTRACT

Greenwashing is an obstacle to sustainable development that must be addressed. While there is increasing social pressure for businesses to adopt sustainable practices, there is also skepticism about the potential for these practices to yield economic benefits. In this context, organizations may opt to assign the responsibility of sustainability implementation to their compliance departments. Yet, with proper implementation, sustainability may help businesses to improve their economic efficiency. The Stakeholder Theory provides justification for this possibility; however, making it a reality demands a long-term perspective in an economy where short-term thinking seems to be deeply rooted. Therefore, it is essential to establish a strategic approach to sustainability that prioritizes stakeholder relationships, ultimately leading to long-term economic efficiency improvements and moving away from a short-term focus. That said, the literature shows mixed results about the possibility of achieving economic benefits from sustainable practices. Using a sample of 17,498 MSMEs from 17 Latin American countries, our study shows that the U-shaped relationship between these variables can explain the inconclusive evidence. Moreover, it also demonstrates that the relationship can be positively moderated by innovation. Our findings contribute to the literature by revealing a positive relationship between an intensive application of sustainability practices, which would be realized in the long term, and an improvement in business performance, with improved efficiency resulting from sustainable practices. This result can help organizations to more readily identify long-term strategies by giving them insights into the possibilities for increasing their efficiency. The findings indicate that the long-term, intensive implementation of sustainability practices correlates with enhanced business efficiency, a relationship of a quadratic nature that is influenced by the role of innovation in sustainable practices.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.

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