Early View e70035
PROCEEDING

A Short Review on the Multi-Wavelength Spectral Energy Distribution of Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

Jianchao Feng

Corresponding Author

Jianchao Feng

School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China

Correspondence:

Jianchao Feng ([email protected])

Qian Peng ([email protected])

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Cong Ran

Cong Ran

School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China

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Qian Peng

Corresponding Author

Qian Peng

School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China

Correspondence:

Jianchao Feng ([email protected])

Qian Peng ([email protected])

Search for more papers by this author
First published: 04 July 2025

Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 11847091), the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (Grant ZK[2022]General311), and the Natural Science Foundation of the Department of Education of Guizhou Province (Grant [2022]158).

ABSTRACT

Black hole accretion and jet formation are very fundamental and important physical processes in astrophysics. Despite the great progress made in the last decades, our knowledge of the physics of BHs remains highly incomplete. The compact radio cores and/or weak jets are usually observed in nearby LLAGNs, which can help us to better understand and explore the jet and accretion physics due to their proximity and fruitful multi-waveband observations. In this short review, we studied the recent multi-waveband observations of the SMBH activities in LLAGNs and found that the high-resolution millimeter/submillimeter observations are very important for the nearby LLAGNs. The centers of LLAGNs are believed to be powered by hot accretion flow and jets. The aim of this review is to model the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) of LLAGNs, and all the data we used here in the literature correspond to the core emission. We found these important features in LLAGNs are hard to fit by pure ADAF or jet models, which implies that they may come from different regions around the SMBH. We usually use the coupled ADAF and jet model to fit the multi-wavelength SED of LLAGNs and found that the submillimeter bump can be naturally modeled by the synchrotron emission of the thermal electrons in ADAF, which is very useful for us to constrain the physical parameters in the accretion disk and jet.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

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