Effect of liquid additives on the low temperature denitration activity of SNCR and emission characteristics of N2O and CO
Wenxi Ding
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Meng Liu
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Correspondence
Meng Liu
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJun Wan
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorWei Liu
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorJiliang Ma
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorYufeng Duan
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorWenxi Ding
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Meng Liu
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Correspondence
Meng Liu
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJun Wan
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorWei Liu
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorJiliang Ma
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorYufeng Duan
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210000 China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The problem of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions has attracted wide attention in the field of environmental protection. The effects of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), phenol (C6H5OH) and ethanol (C2H6OH) on the denitration activity of selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and the emission of secondary pollutants nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon monoxide (CO) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of NaOH, phenol and ethanol can improve the denitration efficiency under low temperature by providing OH. From 650°C to 750°C, ethanol had the best effect, with the denitration efficiency of 30%. From 750°C to 850°C, the denitration efficiency of phenol was 40% ~ 50%. The introduction of phenol and ethanol would increase the N2O and CO emissions. From 700°C to 800°C, hydrogen peroxide only caused a small amount of N2O emissions and had no significant effect on CO.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
REFERENCES
- 1Tang T, Zhang L, Zhu H, et al. Quantifying urban daily nitrogen oxide emissions from satellite observations. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(4):508. doi:10.3390/atmos15040508
- 2Xu T, Zhang C, Xue J, Hu Q, Xing C, Liu C. Estimating hourly nitrogen oxide emissions over East Asia from geostationary satellite measurements. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2024; 11(2): 122-129. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00467
- 3Tang Z, Guo J, Zhou J, et al. The impact of short-term exposures to ambient NO2, O3, and their combined oxidative potential on daily mortality. Environ Res. 2024; 241:117634. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117634
- 4Zhang Y, Cheng M, Gao J, Li J. Review of the influencing factors of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging mechanism based on photochemical smog chamber simulation methods. J Environ Sci. 2023; 123: 545-559. doi:10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.033
- 5Mallick S, Kumar A, Kumar P. Oxidation of HOSO [rad] by NH2[rad]: a new path for the formation of an acid rain precursor. Chem Phys Lett. 2021; 773:138536. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138536
- 6Gholami F, Tomas M, Gholami Z, Vakili M. Technologies for the nitrogen oxides reduction from flue gas: a review. Sci Total Environ. 2020; 714:136712. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136712
- 7Li Z, Liu XM, Yang DH, Qin WJ, Yang GS, Zhang DL. Research of the SNCR process and its application. Adv Mater. 2014; 953–954: 1307-1314. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.953-954.1307
10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.953?954.1307 Google Scholar
- 8Jiang J, Lin C, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang Z. Numerical simulation of effect of process operation parameters on flue gas denitrification performance of SNCR. Proc Chin Soc Electr Eng. 2018; 38(2): 383-389. doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.171911
10.13334/j.0258?8013.pcsee.171911 Google Scholar
- 9Anichkov SN, Zykov AM, Tumanovskii AG, Kulish ON, Zaporozhskii KI. Development of SNCR technology and prospects of its application. Thermal Eng. 2021; 68(6): 510-515. doi:10.1134/S004060152106001X
10.1134/S004060152106001X Google Scholar
- 10Gal P, Jecha D, Jícha J, Stehlík P. Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and its efficiency with respect to various combustion parameters. Chem Eng Trans. 2017; 56: 1915-1920. doi:10.3303/CET1756320
10.3303/CET1756320 Google Scholar
- 11Irfan N, Farooq A. Two-stage NOx removal using high temperature urea SNCR and low temperature secondary additive injection. In: 3rd international conference on power generation systems and renewable energy technologies, PGSRET 2017, 2018-January; 2017: 101-106. doi:10.1109/PGSRET.2017.8251809
10.1109/PGSRET.2017.8251809 Google Scholar
- 12Park P-M, Park Y-K, Dong J-I. Reaction characteristics of NOx and N2O in selective non-catalytic reduction using various reducing agents and additives. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(9):1175. doi:10.3390/atmos12091175
- 13Cai J, Zheng W, Wang Q. Effects of hydrogen peroxide, sodium carbonate, and ethanol additives on the urea-based SNCR process. Sci Total Environ. 2021; 772:145551. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145551
- 14Zeng W, Tang Z, Huang J, Tang Z. Effect of combustible gas components on SNCR reaction with reducing agent in ceramic kiln. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2020; 546(4):042043. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/546/4/042043
10.1088/1755-1315/546/4/042043 Google Scholar
- 15Yao T, Duan Y, Yang Z, et al. Experimental characterization of enhanced SNCR process with carbonaceous gas additives. Chemosphere. 2017; 177: 149-156. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.004
- 16Dong J, Bi D, Zhou T, Yu J, Wu X, Zhang Z. Experiment and mechanism analysis of selective non-catalytic reduction with the compound reducing agents in a lab-scale CFB reactor. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2019; 484(1):012012. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/484/1/012012
- 17Gasnot L, Dao DQ, Pauwels JF. Experimental and kinetic study of the effect of additives on the ammonia based SNCR process in low temperature conditions. Energy Fuel. 2012; 26(5): 2837-2849. doi:10.1021/ef300310c
- 18Weiqing Z, Meng L, Baohua H, Xiaozhi Q. Pilot-scale study on improving SNCR denitrification efficiency by using gas additives. Int J Chem React Eng. 2019; 17(3):20180148. doi:10.1515/ijcre-2018-0148
10.1515/ijcre?2018?0148 Google Scholar
- 19Wang F, Zhang R, Zeng Y, et al. An experimental and modeling study of the enhancement of H2O2 on the activity of SNCR. Fuel. 2022; 322:124215. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124215
- 20Tayyeb Javed M, Nimmo W, Mahmood A, Irfan N. Effect of oxygenated liquid additives on the urea based SNCR process. J Environ Manage. 2009; 90(11): 3429-3435. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.021
- 21Zhao S, Zhou Z-B, You C-F. Effect of liquid additives on SNCR denitrification process in CFB boiler. J Chin Coal Soc. 2016; 41(10): 2479-2483. doi:10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.8010
10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2016.8010 Google Scholar
- 22Hao J, Yu W, Lu P, et al. Influences of flue gas components and additives on NO reduction in the selective non-catalytic reduction process. Proc Chin Soc Electr Eng. 2015; 35(12): 3054-3060. doi:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.2015.12.016
10.13334/j.0258?8013.pcsee.2015.12.016 Google Scholar
- 23Sun T, Lu P, Cai J, Wu J. Effects of Na/K additives on NO reduction and its promotion mechanism in SNCR process. CIESC j. 2017; 68(3): 1178-1184. doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20161189
- 24Ayoub M, Irfan MF, Yoo K-S. Surfactants as additives for NOx reduction during SNCR process with urea solution as reducing agent. Energ Convers Manage. 2011; 52(10): 3083-3088. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2011.04.010
- 25Shao B, Zhang R, Xu X, et al. Cryptic sulfur and oxygen cycling potentially reduces N2O-driven greenhouse warming: underlying revision need of the nitrogen cycle. Environ Sci Technol. 2022; 56(9): 5960-5972. doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c08113
- 26Zhou Y, Li Y, Ong E. Advancements in greenhouse gas emission reduction methodology for fluorinated compounds and N2O in the semiconductor industry via abatement systems. Front Energy Res. 2024; 11:1234486. doi:10.3389/fenrg.2023.1234486
10.3389/fenrg.2023.1234486 Google Scholar
- 27Guan Z, Hong L, Guo R, et al. Improved NO removal from flue gas by hydrazine and its mechanism analysis. J Chem Technol Biot. 2019; 94(10): 3263-3268. doi:10.1002/jctb.6136
- 28Dong J, Bi D, Zhou T, Yu J, Wu X, Zhang Z. Experiment and mechanism analysis of selective non-catalytic reduction with the compound reducing agents in a lab-scale CFB reactor. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2019; 484(1):012012. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/484/1/012012
- 29Guo X, Wei X, Li S. Detailed modeling of the effects of K/Na additives on the thermal DeNOx process. Energy Fuel. 2013; 27(1): 421-429. doi:10.1021/ef3014037
- 30Chen J, Fan W, Wu X, et al. Effects of O2/CO/CO2 on NH3 reducing NO at 1073–1773 K in different flow reactors-part II: the effects of CO, CO2 and the complex atmosphere. Fuel. 2021; 288:119837. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119837
- 31Alzueta MU, Mercader VD, Giménez-López J, Bilbao R. NH3 oxidation and NO reduction by NH3 in N2/Ar and CO2 atmospheres. Fuel. 2023; 353:129212. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2023.129212
- 32Yang W, Zhou J, Zhou Z, et al. Characteristics of sodium compounds on NO reduction at high temperature in NOx control technologies. Fuel Process Technol. 2008; 89(12): 1317-1323. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.06.002
- 33Li S, Wei X. Behavior of alkali metal hydroxides/chlorides for NO reduction in a biomass reburning process. Energy Fuel. 2011; 25(8): 3465-3475. doi:10.1021/ef200661x
- 34Troe J. The thermal dissociation/recombination reaction of hydrogen peroxide H2O2(+M) ⇔ 2OH(+M) III. Analysis and representation of the temperature and pressure dependence over wide ranges. Combust Flame. 2011; 158(4): 594-601. doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.08.013
- 35Carson MC, Kozlowski MC. Recent advances in oxidative phenol coupling for the total synthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep. 2024; 41(2): 208-227. doi:10.1039/d3np00009e
- 36Bae SW, Roh SA, Kim SD. NO removal by reducing agents and additives in the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process. Chemosphere. 2006; 65(1): 170-175. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.02.040
- 37Martínez-Ávila M, Peiró-García J, Ramírez-Ramírez VM, Nebot-Gil I. Ab initio study on the mechanism of the HCO+O2→HO2+CO reaction. Chem Phys Lett. 2003; 370(3–4): 313-318. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00106-4
- 38Hanoune B, Dusanter S, ElMaimouni L, Devolder P, Lemoine B. Rate constant determinations by laser photolysis/diode laser infrared absorption: examples of HCO+O2HO2+CO and CH2OH+O2→HCH(O)+HO2 reactions at 294 K. Chem Phys Lett. 2001; 343(5–6): 527-534. doi:10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00706-0
- 39Stanmore BR, Tschamber V, Brilhac J-F. Oxidation of carbon by NOx, with particular reference to NO2 and N2O. Fuel. 2008; 87(2): 131-146. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2007.04.012
- 40Rota R, Antos D, Zanoelo ÉF, Morbidelli M. Experimental and modeling analysis of the NOxOUT process. Chem Eng Sci. 2002; 57(1): 27-38. doi:10.1016/S0009-2509(01)00367-0