Beyond Tertiary Amines: Introducing Secondary Amines by Palladium/Norbornene-Catalyzed Ortho Amination
Xin Liu
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 United States
Search for more papers by this authorQi Zhu
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 United States
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Guangbin Dong
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 United States
Search for more papers by this authorXin Liu
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 United States
Search for more papers by this authorQi Zhu
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 United States
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Guangbin Dong
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637 United States
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
The introduction of secondary amines at the aryl iodide ortho position by the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) catalysis has been developed, which leads to versatile synthetic applications, such as primary amino group installation and concise heterocycle formations.
Abstract
Since the discovery of the palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE)-catalyzed ortho amination in 2013, escaping the limitation of only yielding tertiary anilines has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we describe that, by carefully choosing the phosphine ligand and NBE mediator, the installation of a N-mono-alkylamino group becomes feasible. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aryl iodide substrates and various N-mono-tertiary alkylamine-derived electrophiles. Both ipso alkenylation and alkynylation can be realized. The synthetic utility of this method is exemplified by the formation of primary amino group via selective deprotection and streamlined access to N-heterocycles. Preliminary success of installing a bulky N-secondary alkylamino group and a mechanistic understanding of the decomposition pathways of mono N-alkylamine electrophiles have been obtained.
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