Near-Infrared Emission Beyond 900 nm from Stable Radicals in Nonconjugated Poly(diphenylmethane)
Ziteng Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorZuping Xiong
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Jianyu Zhang
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077 China
Search for more papers by this authorBo Chu
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Search for more papers by this authorXiong Liu
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorWeihao Tu
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Lei Wang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Jing Zhi Sun
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Chengjian Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Haoke Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Xinghong Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ben Zhong Tang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077 China
School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172 China
Search for more papers by this authorZiteng Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorZuping Xiong
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Jianyu Zhang
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077 China
Search for more papers by this authorBo Chu
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Search for more papers by this authorXiong Liu
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorWeihao Tu
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Lei Wang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Jing Zhi Sun
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Chengjian Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Haoke Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215 China
Centre of Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, 312000 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Xinghong Zhang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
State Key Laboratory of Motor Vehicle Biofuel Technology, International Research Center for X Polymers, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ben Zhong Tang
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077 China
School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172 China
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Full-spectrum emission, spanning from blue to near-infrared (beyond 900 nm), is attainable in poly(diphenylmethane) through adjustments in both concentration and excitation wavelength, which is attributed to the formation of stable radicals within the polymer and through-space conjugation. This study not only confirms the efficacy of polymerization in stabilizing radicals but also introduces a pioneering method for producing nonconjugated near-infrared emitters.
Abstract
Organic radicals with narrow energy gaps are highly sought-after for the production of near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. However, the current repertoire of developed organic radicals is notably limited, facing challenges related to stability and low fluorescence efficiency. This study addresses these limitations by achieving stable radicals in nonconjugated poly(diphenylmethane) (PDPM). Notably, PDPM exhibits a well-balanced structural flexibility and rigidity, resulting in a robust intra-/inter-chain through-space conjugation (TSC). The stable radicals within PDPM, coupled with strong TSC, yield a remarkable full-spectrum emission spanning from blue to NIR beyond 900 nm. This extensive tunability is achieved through careful adjustments of concentration and excitation wavelength. The findings highlight the efficacy of polymerization in stabilizing radicals and introduce a novel approach for developing nonconjugated NIR emitters based on triphenylmethane subunits.
Conflict of interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article.
Supporting Information
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| anie202403827-sup-0001-misc_information.pdf1.7 MB | Supporting Information |
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