Microporous Carbon Nitride (C3N5.4) with Tetrazine based Molecular Structure for Efficient Adsorption of CO2 and Water
Corresponding Author
Dr. CI Sathish
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDr. S. Premkumar
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorXueze Chu
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Xiaojiang Yu
Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117603 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Mark B. H. Breese
Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117603 Singapore
Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Mohammed Al-Abri
Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb
Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Ajay Karakoti
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Jiabao Yi
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ajayan Vinu
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. CI Sathish
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDr. S. Premkumar
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorXueze Chu
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Xiaojiang Yu
Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117603 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Mark B. H. Breese
Singapore Synchrotron Light Source, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117603 Singapore
Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Mohammed Al-Abri
Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb
Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Ajay Karakoti
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Jiabao Yi
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ajayan Vinu
Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science, and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
The new class of microporous carbon nitride with rich nitrogen moieties templated from zeolite shows periodic porosity with a unique CN framework and enhanced active sites that triggered highly selective sensing owing to the high amount of hydrophilic nitrogen species.
Abstract
Mesoporous carbon nitrides with C3N5 and C3N6 stoichiometries created a new momentum in the field of organic metal-free semiconductors owing to their unique band structures and high basicity. Here, we report on the preparation of a novel graphitic microporous carbon nitride with a tetrazine based chemical structure and the composition of C3N5.4 using ultra-stable Y zeolite as the template and aminoguanidine hydrochloride, a high nitrogen-containing molecule, as the CN precursor. Spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the prepared material exhibits a new molecular structure, which comprises two tetrazines and one triazine rings in the unit cell and is thermodynamically stable. The resultant carbon nitride shows an outstanding surface area of 130.4 m2 g−1 and demonstrates excellent CO2 adsorption per unit surface area of 47.54 μmol m−2, which is due to the existence of abundant free NH2 groups, basic sites and microporosity. The material also exhibits highly selective sensing over water molecules (151.1 mmol g−1) and aliphatic hydrocarbons due to its unique microporous structure with a high amount of hydrophilic nitrogen moieties and recognizing ability towards small molecules.
Supporting Information
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| anie202108605-sup-0001-misc_information.pdf2.8 MB | Supporting Information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1
- 1aC. Hu, L. Dai, Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, 1804672;
- 1bC. N. R. Rao, K. Pramoda, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2019, 92, 441–468;
- 1cG. Singh, J. M. Lee, G. Kothandam, T. Palanisami, A. a. H. Al-Muhtaseb, A. Karakoti, J. Yi, N. Bolan, A. Vinu, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2021, 94, 1232–1257;
- 1dH. Wang, Y. Shao, S. Mei, Y. Lu, M. Zhang, J.-k. Sun, K. Matyjaszewski, M. Antonietti, J. Yuan, Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 9363–9419;
- 1eY. Li, M. H. Chen, B. Liu, Y. Zhang, X. Q. Liang, X. H. Xia, Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 2000927.
- 2I.-Y. Jeon, H.-J. Noh, J.-B. Baek, Chem. Asian J. 2020, 15, 2282–2293.
- 3
- 3aZ. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Y. Shen, S. Liu, Y. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 2298–2321;
- 3bH. Yang, Z. Wang, S. Liu, Y. Shen, Y. Zhang, Chin. Chem. Lett. 2020, 31, 3047–3054.
- 4
- 4aK. S. Lakhi, D.-H. Park, K. Al-Bahily, W. Cha, B. Viswanathan, J.-H. Choy, A. Vinu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 72–101;
- 4bJ. Liu, H. Wang, M. Antonietti, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 2308–2326;
- 4cX. Wang, K. Maeda, X. Chen, K. Takanabe, K. Domen, Y. Hou, X. Fu, M. Antonietti, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1680–1681;
- 4dX. D. Bai, D. Zhong, G. Y. Zhang, X. C. Ma, S. Liu, E. G. Wang, Y. Chen, D. T. Shaw, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 1552–1554;
- 4eQ. Li, J. Yang, D. Feng, Z. Wu, Q. Wu, S. S. Park, C.-S. Ha, D. Zhao, Nano Res. 2010, 3, 632–642;
- 4fM. M. Xavier, P. R. Nair, S. Mathew, Analyst 2019, 144, 1475–1491;
- 4gD. Dontsova, C. Fettkenhauer, V. Papaefthimiou, J. Schmidt, M. Antonietti, Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 772–778.
- 5
- 5aH. Yang, Q. Zhou, Z. Fang, W. Li, Y. Zheng, J. Ma, Z. Wang, L. Zhao, S. Liu, Y. Shen, Y. Zhang, Chem 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2021.06.010;
- 5bP. Kumar, E. Vahidzadeh, U. K. Thakur, P. Kar, K. M. Alam, A. Goswami, N. Mahdi, K. Cui, G. M. Bernard, V. K. Michaelis, K. Shankar, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 5415–5436.
- 6
- 6aA. Vinu, P. Srinivasu, D. P. Sawant, T. Mori, K. Ariga, J.-S. Chang, S.-H. Jhung, V. V. Balasubramanian, Y. K. Hwang, Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 4367–4372;
- 6bA. Vinu, K. Ariga, T. Mori, T. Nakanishi, S. Hishita, D. Golberg, Y. Bando, Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 1648–1652;
- 6cS. N. Talapaneni, G. P. Mane, A. Mano, C. Anand, D. S. Dhawale, T. Mori, A. Vinu, ChemSusChem 2012, 5, 700–708.
- 7I. Y. Kim, S. Kim, X. Jin, S. Premkumar, G. Chandra, N.-S. Lee, G. P. Mane, S.-J. Hwang, S. Umapathy, A. Vinu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 17135–17140; Angew. Chem. 2018, 130, 17381–17386.
- 8
- 8aI. Y. Kim, S. Kim, S. Premkumar, J.-H. Yang, S. Umapathy, A. Vinu, Small 2020, 16, 1903572;
- 8bH. Wang, M. Li, Q. Lu, Y. Cen, Y. Zhang, S. Yao, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2019, 7, 625–631.
- 9
- 9aN. L. Torad, S. Zhang, W. A. Amer, M. M. Ayad, M. Kim, J. Kim, B. Ding, X. Zhang, T. Kimura, Y. Yamauchi, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 6, 1900849;
- 9bG. P. Mane, S. N. Talapaneni, C. Anand, S. Varghese, H. Iwai, Q. Ji, K. Ariga, T. Mori, A. Vinu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2012, 22, 3596–3604;
- 9cG. P. Mane, D. S. Dhawale, C. Anand, K. Ariga, Q. Ji, M. A. Wahab, T. Mori, A. Vinu, J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 2913–2920;
- 9dG. P. Mane, S. N. Talapaneni, K. S. Lakhi, H. Ilbeygi, U. Ravon, K. Al-Bahily, T. Mori, D.-H. Park, A. Vinu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 8481–8485; Angew. Chem. 2017, 129, 8601–8605.
- 10P. Srinivasu, A. Vinu, S. Hishita, T. Sasaki, K. Ariga, T. Mori, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2008, 108, 340–344.
- 11L. Liu, D. Ma, H. Zheng, X. Li, M. Cheng, X. Bao, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2008, 110, 216–222.
- 12F. Fina, S. K. Callear, G. M. Carins, J. T. S. Irvine, Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 2612–2618.
- 13
- 13aT. Keii, T. Takagi, S. Kanetaka, Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 1965–1965;
- 13bJ. Rouquerol, P. Llewellyn, F. Rouquerol in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Vol. 160 (Eds.: P. L. Llewellyn, F. Rodriquez-Reinoso, J. Rouqerol, N. Seaton), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007, pp. 49–56;
- 13cM. Thommes, K. Kaneko, A. V. Neimark, J. P. Olivier, F. Rodriguez-Reinoso, J. Rouquerol, K. S. W. Sing, Pure Appl. Chem. 2015, 87, 1051–1069.
- 14I. Gulaczyk, M. Kręglewski, A. Valentin, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 2003, 220, 132–136.
- 15
- 15aK. Akaike, K. Aoyama, S. Dekubo, A. Onishi, K. Kanai, Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 2341–2352;
- 15bJ. T. Titantah, D. Lamoen, Diamond Relat. Mater. 2007, 16, 581–588.
- 16J. Fang, H. Fan, M. Li, C. Long, J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 13819–13826.
- 17
- 17aH. Yabuta, M. Uesugi, H. Naraoka, M. Ito, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, S. A. Sandford, F. Kitajima, H. Mita, Y. Takano, T. Yada, Y. Karouji, Y. Ishibashi, T. Okada, M. Abe, Earth Planets Space 2014, 66, 156;
- 17bX. L. Wang, W. Q. Fang, Y. H. Li, P. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, P. Liu, Y. Yao, H. Zhao, H. G. Yang, Int. J. Photoenergy 2014, 8.
- 18S. C. Ray, C. W. Pao, J. W. Chiou, H. M. Tsai, J. C. Jan, W. F. Pong, R. McCann, S. S. Roy, P. Papakonstantinou, J. A. McLaughlin, J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 98, 033708.
- 19F. Raganati, M. Alfe, V. Gargiulo, R. Chirone, P. Ammendola, Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 372, 526–535.
- 20
- 20aK. S. Lakhi, D.-H. Park, S. Joseph, S. N. Talapaneni, U. Ravon, K. Al-Bahily, A. Vinu, Chem. Asian J. 2017, 12, 595–604;
- 20bK. S. Lakhi, A. V. Baskar, J. S. M. Zaidi, S. S. Al-Deyab, M. El-Newehy, J.-H. Choy, A. Vinu, RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 40183–40192;
- 20cG. Singh, R. Bahadur, J. Mee Lee, I. Y. Kim, A. M. Ruban, J. M. Davidraj, D. Semit, A. Karakoti, A. A. H. Al Muhtaseb, A. Vinu, Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 406, 126787;
- 20dL. Rao, S. Liu, L. Wang, C. Ma, J. Wu, L. An, X. Hu, Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 359, 428–435;
- 20eB. Zheng, L. Huang, X. Cao, S. Shen, H. Cao, C. Hang, W. Zeng, Z. Wang, CrystEngComm 2018, 20, 1874–1881;
- 20fS. Wang, J. Qin, Y. Zhao, L. Duan, J. Wang, W. Gao, R. Wang, C. Wang, M. Pal, Z.-S. Wu, W. Li, D. Zhao, ChemSusChem 2019, 12, 3541–3549;
- 20gK. Chomiak, S. Gryglewicz, K. Kierzek, J. Machnikowski, J. CO2 Util. 2017, 21, 436–443.
- 21Q. Ji, I. Honma, S.-M. Paek, M. Akada, J. P. Hill, A. Vinu, K. Ariga, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9737–9739; Angew. Chem. 2010, 122, 9931–9933.
- 22H.-P. Loock, P. D. Wentzell, Sens. Actuators B 2012, 173, 157–163.
- 23Y. Zhang, Y. Song, Y. Shen, K. Chen, Q. Zhou, Y. Lv, H. Yang, E. Xu, S. Liu, L. Liu, Y. Zhang, CCS Chem. 2021, 3, 1615–1625.
- 24Z. Yan, C. Wang, R. Yu, Z. Hu, L. Xiao, J. Lightwave Technol. 2020, 1-1.
