Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion and Condensation in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Dr. Sanghan Lee
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorWooyoung Jin
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorSu Hwan Kim
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorSe Hun Joo
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Gyutae Nam
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Pilgun Oh
Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorYoung-Ki Kim
UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Sang Kyu Kwak
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Jaephil Cho
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Sanghan Lee
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorWooyoung Jin
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorSu Hwan Kim
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorSe Hun Joo
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Gyutae Nam
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Pilgun Oh
Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorYoung-Ki Kim
UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Sang Kyu Kwak
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Jaephil Cho
Department of Energy Engineering and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Oxygen vacancies (OV) are native defects in transition metal oxides and their presence has a critical effect on the physicochemical properties of the oxide. Studies reveal that OV diffusion leads to their condensation along a specific lattice plane, resulting in the formation of lattice mismatches and microcracks in single-crystal cathode materials.
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies (OV) are native defects in transition metal (TM) oxides and their presence has a critical effect on the physicochemical properties of the oxide. Metal oxides are commonly used in lithium-ion battery (LIB) cathodes and there is still a lack of understanding of the role of OVs in LIB research field. Here, we report on the behavior of OVs in a single-crystal LIB cathode during the non-equilibrium states of charge and discharge. We found that microcrack evolution in a single crystal occurs due to OV condensation in specific crystallographic orientations generated by the continuous migration of OVs and TM ions. Moreover, understanding the effects of the presence and diffusion of OVs in metal oxides enables the elucidation of most of the conventional mechanisms of capacity fading in LIBs and provides new insights for new electrochemical applications.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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