Review
Parahydrogen-Based Hyperpolarization for Biomedicine
Prof. Dr. Jan-Bernd Hövener,
Dr. Andrey N. Pravdivtsev,
Dr. Bryce Kidd,
Prof. C. Russell Bowers,
Dr. Stefan Glöggler,
Dr. Kirill V. Kovtunov,
Dr. Markus Plaumann,
Prof. Rachel Katz-Brull,
Dr. Kai Buckenmaier,
Prof. Alexej Jerschow,
Dr. Francesca Reineri,
Prof. Thomas Theis,
Prof. Roman V. Shchepin,
Prof. Shawn Wagner,
Prof. Pratip Bhattacharya,
Prof. Niki M. Zacharias,
Prof. Eduard Y. Chekmenev,
Corresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Jan-Bernd Hövener
Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Bryce Kidd
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. C. Russell Bowers
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Stefan Glöggler
Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Kirill V. Kovtunov
International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Markus Plaumann
Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Rachel Katz-Brull
Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Kai Buckenmaier
Magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Alexej Jerschow
Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. East, New York, NY, 10003 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Francesca Reineri
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Thomas Theis
Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Roman V. Shchepin
Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105, Nashville, TN, 37027 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Shawn Wagner
Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Pratip Bhattacharya
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Niki M. Zacharias
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Eduard Y. Chekmenev
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Jan-Bernd Hövener,
Dr. Andrey N. Pravdivtsev,
Dr. Bryce Kidd,
Prof. C. Russell Bowers,
Dr. Stefan Glöggler,
Dr. Kirill V. Kovtunov,
Dr. Markus Plaumann,
Prof. Rachel Katz-Brull,
Dr. Kai Buckenmaier,
Prof. Alexej Jerschow,
Dr. Francesca Reineri,
Prof. Thomas Theis,
Prof. Roman V. Shchepin,
Prof. Shawn Wagner,
Prof. Pratip Bhattacharya,
Prof. Niki M. Zacharias,
Prof. Eduard Y. Chekmenev,
Corresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Jan-Bernd Hövener
Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Andrey N. Pravdivtsev
Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14, 24118 Kiel, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Bryce Kidd
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. C. Russell Bowers
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Stefan Glöggler
Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Von-Siebold-Strasse 3A, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Kirill V. Kovtunov
International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Markus Plaumann
Department of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Rachel Katz-Brull
Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Kai Buckenmaier
Magnetic resonance center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Alexej Jerschow
Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. East, New York, NY, 10003 USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Francesca Reineri
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Thomas Theis
Department of Chemistry & Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Roman V. Shchepin
Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 1161 21st Ave South, MCN AA-1105, Nashville, TN, 37027 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Shawn Wagner
Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Pratip Bhattacharya
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Niki M. Zacharias
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Eduard Y. Chekmenev
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Department of Chemistry, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) and Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202 USA
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Spin doctoring: Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. This Review provides a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agent, and applications.
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most versatile and useful physical effects used for human imaging, chemical analysis, and the elucidation of molecular structures. However, its full potential is rarely used, because only a small fraction of the nuclear spin ensemble is polarized, that is, aligned with the applied static magnetic field. Hyperpolarization methods seek other means to increase the polarization and thus the MR signal. A unique source of pure spin order is the entangled singlet spin state of dihydrogen, parahydrogen (pH2), which is inherently stable and long-lived. When brought into contact with another molecule, this “spin order on demand” allows the MR signal to be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. Considerable progress has been made in the past decade in the area of pH2-based hyperpolarization techniques for biomedical applications. It is the goal of this Review to provide a selective overview of these developments, covering the areas of spin physics, catalysis, instrumentation, preparation of the contrast agents, and applications.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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