Classification Framework for Graphene-Based Materials
Corresponding Author
Dr. Peter Wick
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Anna E. Louw-Gaume
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Melanie Kucki
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Harald F. Krug
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Kostas Kostarelos
Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester (UK)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Bengt Fadeel
Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory—NNL, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Sweden)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Kenneth A. Dawson
Center for BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin (Ireland)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Anna Salvati
Center for BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin (Ireland)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Ester Vázquez
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químias-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Laura Ballerini
Life Science Department, University of Trieste (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Mauro Tretiach
Life Science Department, University of Trieste (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Fabio Benfenati
Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Emmanuel Flahaut
CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, Toulouse (France)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Laury Gauthier
CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionelle & Environnement - ECOLAB, ENSAT 31326 Castanet Tolosan (France)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Maurizio Prato
Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Alberto Bianco
CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg (France)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Peter Wick
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Anna E. Louw-Gaume
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Melanie Kucki
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Harald F. Krug
Laboratory for Materials-Biology Interactions Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen (Switzerland)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Kostas Kostarelos
Nanomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester (UK)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Bengt Fadeel
Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory—NNL, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm (Sweden)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Kenneth A. Dawson
Center for BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin (Ireland)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Anna Salvati
Center for BioNano Interactions (CBNI), School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin (Ireland)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Ester Vázquez
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químias-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Laura Ballerini
Life Science Department, University of Trieste (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Mauro Tretiach
Life Science Department, University of Trieste (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Fabio Benfenati
Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Emmanuel Flahaut
CNRS, Institut Carnot CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux, Toulouse (France)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Laury Gauthier
CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionelle & Environnement - ECOLAB, ENSAT 31326 Castanet Tolosan (France)
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Maurizio Prato
Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste (Italy)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Alberto Bianco
CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, Strasbourg (France)
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Graphing graphene: Because the naming of graphene-based materials (GBMs) has led to confusion and inconsistency, a classification approach is necessary. Three physical-chemical properties of GBMs have been defined by the GRAPHENE Flagship Project of the European Union for the unequivocal classification of these materials (see grid).
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