A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO2 Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing, and Cell Necrosis†
Min-Fan Chung
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorKo-Jie Chen
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorHsiang-Fa Liang
Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorZi-Xian Liao
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorWei-Tso Chia
Department of Orthopaedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Younan Xia
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
Younan Xia, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
Hsing-Wen Sung, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Hsing-Wen Sung
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Younan Xia, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
Hsing-Wen Sung, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorMin-Fan Chung
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorKo-Jie Chen
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorHsiang-Fa Liang
Biomedical Technology and Device Research Labs, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorZi-Xian Liao
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorWei-Tso Chia
Department of Orthopaedics, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Younan Xia
The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
Younan Xia, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
Hsing-Wen Sung, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Hsing-Wen Sung
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Younan Xia, The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332 (USA)
Hsing-Wen Sung, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013 (ROC)
Search for more papers by this authorThis work was supported by a grant from the National Science Council (NSC 100-2120M-007-003), Taiwan (ROC).
Graphical Abstract
Bubbling over: After endocytosis and intracellular trafficking to lysosomes, liposomes containing ammonium bicarbonate can be thermally triggered to generate CO2 bubbles (see scheme). These bubbles grow rapidly and collapse violently to induce transient cavitation, a process that can disrupt the lysosomal membrane and release lysosomal proteases, thus leading to cell necrosis.
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