Review
Versatile Pathways for In Situ Polyolefin Functionalization with Heteroatoms: Catalytic Chain Transfer
Smruti B. Amin,
Tobin J. Marks Prof.,
Smruti B. Amin
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-491-2990
Search for more papers by this authorTobin J. Marks Prof.
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-491-2990
Search for more papers by this authorSmruti B. Amin,
Tobin J. Marks Prof.,
Smruti B. Amin
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-491-2990
Search for more papers by this authorTobin J. Marks Prof.
Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA, Fax: (+1) 847-491-2990
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Agents of change: Chain-transfer processes are efficient and selective chemical means to achieve in situ functionalization of polyolefins in polymerization reactions catalyzed by d- and f-block metals (see picture, X=heteroatom). A variety of electron-poor and electron-rich chain-transfer agents, including silanes, boranes, alanes, phosphines, and amines, effect selective chain termination with concomitant carbon–heteroelement bond formation during single-site olefin-polymerization processes.
Abstract
Chain-transfer processes represent highly effective chemical means to achieve selective, in situ d- and f-block-metal catalyzed functionalization of polyolefins. A diverse variety of electron-poor and electron-rich chain-transfer agents, including silanes, boranes, alanes, phosphines, and amines, effect efficient chain termination with concomitant carbon–heteroelement bond formation during single-site olefin-polymerization processes. High polymerization activities, control of polyolefin molecular weight and microstructure, and selective chain functionalization are all possible, with distinctly different mechanisms operative for the electron-poor and electron-rich reagents. A variety of metal centers (early transition metals, lanthanides, late transition metals) and single-site ancillary ligand arrays (metallocene, half-metallocene, non-metallocene) are able to mediate these selective chain-termination/functionalization processes.
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