Synthesis and Evaluation of GdIII-Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen†
Corresponding Author
Dr. Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Ethel J. Ngen
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew W. Rotz
Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Samata Kakkad
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorAla Lisok
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorRichard Pracitto
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorMrudula Pullambhatla
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Zhengping Chen
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Tariq Shah
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Dmitri Artemov
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Thomas J. Meade
Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Zaver M. Bhujwalla
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Martin G. Pomper
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dr. Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)Search for more papers by this authorDr. Ethel J. Ngen
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew W. Rotz
Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Samata Kakkad
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorAla Lisok
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorRichard Pracitto
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorMrudula Pullambhatla
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Zhengping Chen
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Tariq Shah
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Dmitri Artemov
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Thomas J. Meade
Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Zaver M. Bhujwalla
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Martin G. Pomper
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorWe would like to thank A. Jacobs, D. Jacob, G. Green, Dr. B. Wang, Dr. M. F. Penet, V. S. Harrison, and Dr. K. W. Macrenaris for initial assistance with the experiments. Funding for the project was provided by the NIH CA148901 (to S.R.B.), CA151838, CA134675 (to M.G.P.).
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is advantageous because it concurrently provides anatomic, functional, and molecular information. MR molecular imaging can combine the high spatial resolution of this established clinical modality with molecular profiling in vivo. However, as a result of the intrinsically low sensitivity of MR imaging, high local concentrations of biological targets are required to generate discernable MR contrast. We hypothesize that the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an attractive target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer, could serve as a suitable biomarker for MR-based molecular imaging. We have synthesized three new high-affinity, low-molecular-weight GdIII-based PSMA-targeted contrast agents containing one to three GdIII chelates per molecule. We evaluated the relaxometric properties of these agents in solution, in prostate cancer cells, and in an in vivo experimental model to demonstrate the feasibility of PSMA-based MR molecular imaging.
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