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Dramatic founder effects in Amerindian mitochondrial DNAs
Douglas C. Wallace,
Katherine Garrison,
William C. Knowler,
Douglas C. Wallace
Departments of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Search for more papers by this authorKatherine Garrison
Departments of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Knowler
National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona 85014
Search for more papers by this authorDouglas C. Wallace,
Katherine Garrison,
William C. Knowler,
Douglas C. Wallace
Departments of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Search for more papers by this authorKatherine Garrison
Departments of Biochemistry and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam C. Knowler
National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona 85014
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Southwestern American Indian (Amerindian) mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) were analyzed with restriction endonucleases and found to contain Asian restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) but at frequencies very different from those found in Asia. One rare Asian HincII RFLP was found in 40% of the Amerindians. Several mtDNAs were discovered which have not yet been observed on other continents and different tribes were found to have distinctive mtDNAs. Since the mtDNA is inherited exclusively through the maternal lineage, these results suggest that Amerindian tribes were founded by small numbers of female lineages and that new mutations have been fixed in these lineages since their separation from Asia.
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