Chapter 1
Microalgae: A Renewable Resource for Food and Fuels and More
Susan I. Blackburn,
Kim Jye Lee-Chang,
Susan I. Blackburn
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Australian National Algae Culture Collection, Castray Esplanade, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorKim Jye Lee-Chang
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Algal Ecology and Resources, Castray Esplanade, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSusan I. Blackburn,
Kim Jye Lee-Chang,
Susan I. Blackburn
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Australian National Algae Culture Collection, Castray Esplanade, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorKim Jye Lee-Chang
CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Algal Ecology and Resources, Castray Esplanade, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia
Search for more papers by this authorStéphane La Barre,
Stephen S. Bates,
Stéphane La Barre
Sorbonne Université CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, 29680 France
Search for more papers by this authorStephen S. Bates
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, 5030 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorBook Author(s):Stéphane La Barre,
Stephen S. Bates,
Stéphane La Barre
Sorbonne Université CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, 29680 France
Search for more papers by this authorStephen S. Bates
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Gulf Fisheries Centre, 343 Université Avenue, Moncton, 5030 Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Microalgae are a large and diverse group of microscopic aquatic plants that are responsible for over half of the global primary productivity. They constitute a major food source for organisms at the base of the marine and other aquatic food webs and are important components of many ecosystems. Cultivation of microalgae offers a renewable resource for foods, fuels, aquaculture feeds, and other bioproducts and bioapplications. Bioproducts include a feedstock for biofuels and high-value lipids such as long-chain omega-3 oils, carotenoid pigments, and squalene, as well as other non-lipid materials, including exopolysaccharides. Successful commercial cultivation is dependent on the knowledge of the microalgal strain biology, matching the growth conditions according to the particular geographic sites and culturing and processing methods for the bioproducts of interest. Marine microalgae, as well as those from brackish and hypersaline environments, are grown in seawater at various salinities. Both autotrophic and heterotrophic cultivations are important, offering options in strain biology, chemistry, and production methods. Detailed fatty acid profiles demonstrate characterization of the microalgae into different chemotaxonomic groups, giving useful tools for identifying candidates with favorable bioproduct qualities for further optimization, for example, fast growth, high oil content, and suitable lipid composition. This chapter provides a perspective on the cultivation and qualities of microalgae for their renewable bioproduct and bioapplication potential, which offers great future potential in renewable marine resources.
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