Chapter 17
Baffles and Conduits
Philipp Beerbaum MD,
Israel Valverde MD,
Gerald F Greil MD,
Sonya V Babu-Narayan MD,
Philipp Beerbaum MD
Senior Clinical Lecturer Consultant Director
Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorIsrael Valverde MD
Clinical Research Fellow
Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorGerald F Greil MD
Senior Clinical Lecturer Consultant
Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorSonya V Babu-Narayan MD
Honorary Research Fellow
Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPhilipp Beerbaum MD,
Israel Valverde MD,
Gerald F Greil MD,
Sonya V Babu-Narayan MD,
Philipp Beerbaum MD
Senior Clinical Lecturer Consultant Director
Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorIsrael Valverde MD
Clinical Research Fellow
Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorGerald F Greil MD
Senior Clinical Lecturer Consultant
Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorSonya V Babu-Narayan MD
Honorary Research Fellow
Adult Congenital Heart Disease Department, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Mark A Fogel MD, FACC, FAHA, FAAP,
Mark A Fogel MD, FACC, FAHA, FAAP
Associate Professor Director
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter contains sections titled:
-
Introduction
-
Available materials for baffles and conduits
-
CMR for baffles and conduits
-
Summary and perspectives
-
References
References
- Lewin AN, Zavanella C, Subramanian S. Sinus venosus atrial septal defect associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage: surgical repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 1978; 26: 185–8.
- Litwin SB, Bhavani SS. The Senning procedure for repair of d-transposition of the great arteries. J Card Surg. 1987; 2: 415–28.
- Boethig D, Goerler H, Westhoff-Bleck M, et al. Evaluation of 188 consecutive homografts implanted in pulmonary position after 20 years. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007; 32: 133–42.
- Sutherland F, Mayer JE Jr. Tissue engineering for cardiac surgery. In: Cohn L, Edmunds L, eds. Cardiac Surgery in the Adult. New York:McGraw-Hill, 2003: 1527–36.
- Akhyari P, Kamiya H, Haverich A, Karck M, Lichtenberg A. Myocardial tissue engineering: the extracellular matrix. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008; 34: 229–41.
- Tschoeke B, Flanagan TC, Cornelissen A, et al. Development of a composite degradable/nondegradable tissue-engineered vascular graft. Artif Organs. 2008; 32: 800–9.
- Kidane AG, Burriesci G, Cornejo P, et al. Current developments and future prospects for heart valve replacement therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2009; 88: 290–303.
- Flanagan TC, Cornelissen C, Koch S, et al. The in vitro development of autologous fibrin-based tissue -engineered heart valves through optimised dynamic conditioning. Biomaterials. 2007; 28: 3388–97.
- Hayashida K, Kanda K, Oie T, et al. Architecture of an in vivo-tissue engineered autologous conduit “Biovalve”. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008; 86: 1–8.
- Leyh RG, Wilhelmi M, Rebe P, Ciboutari S, Haverich A, Mertsching H. Tissue engineering of viable pulmonary arteries for surgical correction of congenital heart defects. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006; 81: 1466–70. Discussion 70–1.
- Cebotari S, Lichtenberg A, Tudorache I, et al. Clinical application of tissue engineered human heart valves using autologous progenitor cells. Circulation. 2006; 114: I132–7.
- Boethig D, Thies WR, Hecker H, Breymann T. Mid term course after pediatric right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a comparison of homografts, porcine xenografts and Contegras. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005; 27: 58–66.
- Fogel MA, Hubbard A, Weinberg PM. A simplified approach for assessment of intracardiac baffles and extracardiac conduits in congenital heart surgery with two-and three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 2001; 142: 1028–36.
- Keenan NG, Pennell DJ. CMR of ventricular function. Echocardiography. 2007; 24: 185–93.
- Bonhoeffer P, Boudjemline Y, Qureshi SA, et al. Percutaneous insertion of the pulmonary valve. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1664–9.
- Brawn WJ. The double switch for atrioventricular discordance. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2005; 51–6.
- Mustard WT. Successful two-stage correction of transposition of the great vessels. Surgery. 1964; 55: 469–72.
- Schlichter AJ, Kreutzer C, Mayorquim RC, et al. Five-to fifteen-year follow-up of fresh autologous pericardial valved conduits. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000; 119: 869–79.
- Isomatsu Y, Shin'oka T, Aoki M, et al. Establishing right ventricle-pulmonary artery continuity by autologous tissue: an alternative approach for prosthetic conduit repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004; 78: 173–80.
- Schlichter AJ, Kreutzer C, Mayorquim RC, et al. Long -term follow-up of autologous pericardial valved conduits. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996; 62: 155–60.
- Kumar SP, Prabhakar G, Kumar M, et al. Comparison of fresh and glutaraldehyde-treated autologous stented pericardium as pulmonary valve replacement. J Card Surg. 1995; 10: 545–51.
- Goetz WA, Tan TE, Lim KH, et al. Autologous pericar-dial pulmonary conduit with single point attached commissures in a sheep model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008; 33: 48–52.
- Perron J, Moran AM, Gauvreau K, del Nido PJ, Mayer JE Jr, Jonas RA. Valved homograft conduit repair of the right heart in early infancy. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999; 68: 542–8.
- Wells WJ, Arroyo H Jr, Bremner RM, Wood J, Starnes VA. Homograft conduit failure in infants is not due to somatic outgrowth. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002; 124: 88–96.
- Ichikawa Y, Noishiki Y, Kosuge T, Yamamoto K, Kondo J, Matsumoto A. Use of a bovine jugular vein graft with natural valve for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction: a one-year animal study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997; 114: 224–33.
- Scavo VA Jr, Turrentine MW, Aufiero TX, Sharp TG, Brown JW. Valved bovine jugular venous conduits for right ventricular to pulmonary artery reconstruction. ASAIO J. 1999; 45: 482–7.
- Bove T, Demanet H, Wauthy P, et al. Early results of valved bovine jugular vein conduit versus bicuspid hom-ograft for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002; 74: 536–41. Discussion 41.
- Boudjemline Y, Bonnet D, Agnoletti G, Vouhe P. Aneurysm of the right ventricular outflow following bovine valved venous conduit insertion. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003; 23: 122–4.
- Shebani SO, McGuirk S, Baghai M, et al. Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using Contegra® valved conduit: natural history and conduit performance under pressure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2006; 29: 397–405.
- de Leval MR, McKay R, Jones M, Stark J, Macartney FJ. Modified Blalock–Taussig shunt. Use of subclavian artery orifice as flow regulator in prosthetic systemic -pulmonary artery shunts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1981; 81: 112–19.
- Sano S, Ishino K, Kawada M, et al. Right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt in first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003; 126: 504–9. Discussion 9–10.
- Sorensen TS, Korperich H, Greil GF, et al. Operator-independent isotropic three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging for morphology in congenital heart disease: a validation study. Circulation. 2004; 110: 163–9.
- Uribe S, Tangchaoren T, Parish V, et al. Volumetric cardiac quantification by using 3D dual-phase whole-heart MR imaging. Radiology. 2008; 248: 606–14.
- Beerbaum P, Sarikouch S, Laser T, Greil G, Burchert W, Körperich H. Coronary arteries in congenital heart disease: visualization by MRI using whole-heart navigator-gated 3D SSFP for intracardiac morphology. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009; 29: 320–7.
- Mottl-Link S, Boettger T, Krueger JJ, et al. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Cast of complex congenital heart malformation in a living patient. Circulation. 2005; 112: e356–7.
- Fogel MA, Rychik J, Chin AJ, Hubbard A, Weinberg PM. Evaluation and follow-up of patients with left ventricular apical to aortic conduits with 2D and 3D magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography: a new look at an old operation. Am Heart J. 2001; 141: 630–6.
- Oosterhof T, van Straten A, Vliegen HW, et al. Preoperative thresholds for pulmonary valve replacement in patients with corrected tetralogy of Fallot using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation. 2007; 116: 545–51.
- Frigiola A, Tsang V, Bull C, et al. Biventricular response after pulmonary valve replacement for right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction: is age a predictor of outcome? Circulation. 2008; 118: S182–90.
- Dorfman AL, Geva T. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of congenital heart disease: conotruncal anomalies. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2006; 8: 645–59.
- Kilner PJ, Firmin DN, Rees RS, et al. Valve and great vessel stenosis: assessment with MR jet velocity mapping. Radiology. 1991; 178: 229–35.
- Sampson C, Kilner PJ, Hirsch R, Rees RS, Somerville J, Underwood SR. Venoatrial pathways after the Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries: anatomic and functional MR imaging. Radiology. 1994; 193: 211–17.
- Babu-Narayan SV, Goktekin O, Moon JC, et al. Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance of the systemic right ventricle in adults with previous atrial redirection surgery for transposition of the great arteries. Circulation. 2005; 111: 2091–8.
- Giardini A, Lovato L, Donti A, et al. Relation between right ventricular structural alterations and markers of adverse clinical outcome in adults with systemic right ventricle and either congenital complete (after Senning operation) or congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2006; 98: 1277–82.
- Sorensen TS, Beerbaum P, Mosegaard J, et al. Virtual cardiotomy based on 3-D MRI for preoperative planning in congenital heart disease. Pediatr Radiol. 2008; 38: 1314–22.
- Anderson RH, Cook AC. Morphology of the functionally univentricular heart. Cardiol Young. 2004; 14 (Suppl. 1): 3–12.
- Jacobs ML, Mayer JE Jr. Heart congenital surgery nomenclature and database project: single ventricle. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000; 69: S197–204.
- de Leval MR, Kilner P, Gewillig M, Bull C. Total cavopulmonary connection: a logical alternative to atriopulmonary connection for complex Fontan operations. Experimental studies and early clinical experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1988; 96: 682–95.
- Iemura J, Oku H, Saga T, Kitayama H, Matumoto T. Total extracardiac right heart bypass using a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. J Card Surg. 1997; 12: 32–6.
- Lemler MS, Scott WA, Leonard SR, Stromberg D, Ramaciotti C. Fenestration improves clinical outcome of the Fontan procedure: a prospective, randomized study. Circulation. 2002; 105: 207–12.
- Nakano T, Kado H, Ishikawa S, et al. Midterm surgical results of total cavopulmonary connection: clinical advantages of the extracardiac conduit method. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004; 127: 730–7.
- Fiore AC, Turrentine M, Rodefeld M, et al. Fontan operation: a comparison of lateral tunnel with extracardiac conduit. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 83: 622–9. Discussion 9–30.
- Goo HW, Yang DH, Park IS, et al. Time-resolved three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in patients who have undergone a Fontan operation or bidirectional cavopulmonary connection: initial experience. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007; 25: 727–36.
- Fratz S, Hess J, Schwaiger M, Martinoff S, Stern HC. More accurate quantification of pulmonary blood flow by magnetic resonance imaging than by lung perfusion scintigraphy in patients with Fontan circulation. Circulation. 2002; 106: 1510–13.
- Klimes K, Abdul-Khaliq H, Ovroutski S, et al. Pulmonary and caval blood flow patterns in patients with intracardiac and extracardiac Fontan: a magnetic resonance study. Clin Res Cardiol. 2007; 96: 160–7.
- Be'eri E, Maier SE, Landzberg MJ, Chung T, Geva T. In vivo evaluation of Fontan pathway flow dynamics by multidimensional phase-velocity magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 1998; 98: 2873–82.
- Uribe S, Beerbaum P, Rasmusson A, Sangild Sørensen T, Razavi R, Schaeffter T. 4D flow of the whole heart and great vessels at 3T using real time self respiratory gating: a validation study. Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Annual Scientific Meeting 2009. ISMRM, Hawai, USA, 2009.
- Holmqvist C, Oskarsson G, Stahlberg F, Thilen U, Bjorkhem G, Laurin S. Functional evaluation of extrac-ardiac ventriculopulmonary conduits and of the right ventricle with magnetic resonance imaging and velocity mapping. Am J Cardiol. 1999; 83: 926–32.
- Schievano S, Coats L, Migliavacca F, et al. Variations in right ventricular outflow tract morphology following repair of congenital heart disease: implications for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2007; 9: 687–95.
- Rocchini AP, Brown J, Crowley DC, Girod DA, Behrendt D, Rosenthal A. Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up of left ventricular to aortic conduits in patients with aortic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983; 1: 1135–43.
- Frommelt PC, Rocchini AP, Bove EL. Natural history of apical left ventricular to aortic conduits in pediatric patients. Circulation. 1991; 84: III213–18.
- Vijayanagar R, Natarajan P, Eckstein PF, Bognolo DA, Toole JC. Aortic valvular insufficiency and postductal aortic coarctation in the adult. Combined surgical management through median sternotomy: a new surgical approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1980; 79: 266–8.
- Pennell DJ, Sechtem UP, Higgins CB, et al. Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): consensus panel report. Eur Heart J. 2004; 25: 1940–65.
