Surgical Replacement of the Aortic Valve
Anton Moritz MD, PhD
J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAnton Moritz MD, PhD
J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJürgen Haase MD, PhD, FESC, FACC
Professor of Medicine Consultant Cardiologist
Kardiocentrum Frankfurt, Klinik Rotes Kreuz, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHans-Joachim Schäfers MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery Chair
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorHorst Sievert MD, FESC, FACC
Professor of Medicine Head
Department of Cardiology, CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorRon Waksman MD, FACC
Professor of Medicine Associate Director Director
Division of Cardiology, Washington, DC, USA
Experimental Cardiology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter contains sections titled:
-
History
-
Pathophysiology
-
Indications
-
Technical aspects
-
Results
-
Summary
-
References
References
- Hufnagel CA (1951) Aortic plastic valvular prosthesis. Bull Georgetown Univ Med Cent 4: 128–134.
- Harken DE, Soroff HS, Taylor WJ, Lefermine AA, Guipa SS, & Lunzer S (1960) Partial and complete prostheses in aortic insufficiency. J Thorac Surg 36: 563–570.
- Starr A & Edwards ML (1960) Mitral replacement: the shielded ball valve prosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 40: 744–762.
- Ross DN (1962) Homograft replacement of the aortic valve. Lancet 2: 487.
- Binet JP, Duran CG, Carpentier A, & Langlois J (1965) Heterologous aortic valve transplantation. Lancet 2: 1275.
- Ross DN (1967) Replacement of aortic and mitral valve with a pulmonary autograft. Lancet 2: 956.
- Carpentier A, Lemaigre G, Robert L, Carpentier S, & Dubost C (1969) Biological factors affecting long-term results of valvular heterografts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 58: 467.
- Ionescu MI, Pakrashi BC, Holden MP, Mary DH, & Wooler GH (1993) Results of aortic valve replacement with frame supported fascia lata and pericardial grafts. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 105: 154.
- David TE, Pollick C, & Bos J (1990) Aortic valve replacement with stentless porcine aortic bioprosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 99: 113–118.
- Roques F, Nashef SA, & Michel P (2001) Risk factors for early mortality after valve surgery in Europe in the 1990s: lessons from the EuroSCORE pilot program. J Heart Valve Dis 10: 572–577; discussion 577–578.
- Toumpoulis IK, Anagnostopoulos CE, DeRose JJ, & Swistel DG (2005) Does EuroSCORE predict length of stay and specific postoperative complications after coronary artery bypass grafting? Int J Cardiol 105: 19–25.
- Toumpoulis IK, Anagnostopoulos CE, Toumpoulis SK, DeRose JJ Jr., & Swistel DG (2005) EuroSCORE predicts long-term mortality after heart valve surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 79: 1902–1908.
- Michel P, Roques F, & Nashef SA (2003) Logistic or additive EuroSCORE for high-risk patients? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 23: 684–687; discussion 687.
- Sergeant P, de Worm E, & Meyns B (2001) Single centre, single domain validation of the EuroSCORE on a consecutive sample of primary and repeat CABG. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20: 1176–1182.
- Collart F, Feier H, Kerbaul F, et al. (2005) Valvular surgery in octogenarians: operative risks factors, evaluation of Euroscore and long term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 27: 276–280.
- Collart F, Feier H, Kerbaul F, et al. (2005) Primary valvular surgery in octogenarians: perioperative outcome. J Heart Valve Dis 14: 238–242; discussion 242.
- Grossi EA, Schwartz CF, Yu PJ, et al. (2008) High-risk aortic valve replacement: are the outcomes as bad as predicted? Ann Thorac Surg 85: 102–106; discussion 107.
- Walther T, Simon P, Dewey T, et al. (2007) Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: multicenter experience. Circulation 116(11 Suppl.): I240–245.
- Walther T, Falk V, Borger MA, et al. (2007) Minimally invasive transapical beating heart aortic valve implantation—proof of concept. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 31: 9–15.
- Melby SJ, Zierer A, Kaiser SP, et al. (2007) Aortic valve replacement in octogenarians: risk factors for early and late mortality. Ann Thorac Surg 83: 1651–1656; discussion 1656–1657.
- Sundt TM, Bailey MS, Moon MR, et al. (2000) Quality of life after aortic valve replacement at the age of > 80 years. Circulation 102(19 Suppl. 3 ): III70–74.
- Roberts WC, Ko JM, Garner WL, et al. (2007) Valve structure and survival in octogenarians having aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis (+/−aortic regurgitation) with versus without coronary artery bypass grafting at a single US medical center 1993 to 2005. Am J Cardiol 100: 489–495.
- Bose AK, Aitchison JD, & Dark JH (2007) Aortic valve replacement in octogenarians. J Cardiothorac Surg 2: 33.
- Urso S, Sadaba R, Greco E, et al. (2007) One-hundred aortic valve replacements in octogenarians: outcomes and risk factors for early mortality. J Heart Valve Dis 16: 139–144.
- Kolh P, Kerzmann A, Honore C, Comte L, & Limet R (2007) Aortic valve surgery in octogenarians: predictive factors for operative and long-term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 31: 600–606.
- Alexander KP, Anstrom KJ, Muhlbaier LH, et al. (2000) Outcomes of cardiac surgery in patients ≥ 80 years: results from the National Cardiovascular Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 35: 731–738.
-
Cohn LH (1994) Aortic valve prostheses. Cardiol Rev 2: 219.
10.1097/00045415-199409000-00001 Google Scholar
- Jin XY & Pepper JR (2002) Do stentless valves make a difference? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22: 95–100.
- Westaby S, Jonson A, Payne N, et al. (2001) Does the use of a stentless bioprosthesis increase surgical risk? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 13: 143–147.
- Jamieson WRE, Munro AI, Burr LH, Germann E, Miyagishima RT, & Ling H (1995) Influence of coronary artery bypass and age on clinical performance after aortic and mitral valve replacement with biological and mechanical prostheses. Circulation 92: 101–106.
- Lytle BW, Cosgrove PM, & Taylor PC (1989) Primary isolated aortic valve replacement: early and late results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 97: 675.
- Orszulak TA, Schaff HV, & Puga FJ (1997) Event status of the Starr-Edwards aortic valve to 20 years: a benchmark for comparison. Ann Thorac Surg 63: 620–626.
- Lindblom D (1988) Long-term clinical results after aortic valve replacement with the Bjork–Shiley prosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 95: 658–667.
- Lund O, Nielson SL, Arildsen H, Ilkjaer LB, & Pilegard HK (2000) Standard aortic St. Jude valve at 18 years: performance profile and determinants of outcome. Ann Thorac Surg 69: 1459–1465.
- Butchart EG, Li HH, Payne N, Buchan K, & Grunkemeier GL (2001) Twenty years' experience with the Medtronic hall valve. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121: 1090–1100.
- Petersheim DS, Chen Y-Y, & Cheruvu S (1999) outcome after biological versus mechanical aortic valve replacement in 841 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 117: 890–897.
- Yun KL, Miller DC, & Moore KA (1995) Durability of the Hancock MO bioprosthesis compared with the standard aortic valve bioprosthesis. Ann Thorac Surg 60: S221–228.
- Jamieson WRE, Burr LH, Munro AI, Tyres FO, & Miyagishima RT (1995) Carpentier-Edwards supra-annular porcine biopros-thesis: clinical performance to twelve years. Ann Thorac Surg 60: S235–240.
- Cohn LH, Collins JJ Jr, Rizzo RJ, Adams DH, Cooper GS, & Avanki SF (1998) Twenty year follow-up of the Hancock modified orifice porcine aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg 66: S30–34.
- Khan SS, Chaux A, & Blanche C (1998) A twenty-year experience with the Hancock porcine xenograft in the elderly. Ann Thorac Surg 66: S35–39.
- Frater RWM, Furlong P, & Cosgrove DM (1998) Long-term durability and patient functional status of the Carpentier-Edwards Perimount pericardial bioprosthesis in the aortic position. J Heart Valve Dis 7: 48–53.
- David TE, Ivanor J, Armstrong S, Feindel CM, & Cohen G (2001) Late results of heart valve replacement with the Hancock II bioprosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 121: 268–278.
- Grunkemeier GL, Li H-H, & Starr A (1999) Heart valve replacement: a statistical review of 35 years results. J Heart Valve Dis 8: 466–471.
- Hammermeister K, Sethi GK, Henderson WG, Grover FL, Oprian C, & Rahimtoola SH (2000) Outcomes 15 years after valve replacement with a mechanical versus a bioprosthetic valve: final report of the Veterans Affairs randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 1152–1158.
- Jamieson WR, Burr LH, Tyers GF, Munro AI (1994) Carpentier-Edwards standard and supra-annular porcine bioprostheses: 10 year comparison of structural valve deterioration. J Heart Valve Dis 3: 59–65.
- Rossi A, Tomaino M, Golia G, Anselmi M, Fuca G, & Zardini P (2000) Echocardiographic prediction of clinical outcome in medically treated patients with aortic stenosis. Am Heart J 140: 766–771.
- Levy D (1991) Clinical significance of left ventricular hypertrophy: insights from the Framingham Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17(Suppl. 2): S1–6.
- Casabona R, De Paulis R, Zattera GF, et al. (1992) Stentless porcine and pericardial valve in aortic position. Ann Thorac Surg 54: 681–684; discussion 685.
- Bikkina M, Larson MG, & Levy D (1993) Asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias and mortality risk in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol 22: 1111–1116.
- Sen S & Tarazi RC (1983) Regression of myocardial hypertrophy and influence of adrenergic system. Am J Physiol 244: H97–101.
- Kurnik PB, Innerfield M, Wachspress JD, Eldredge WJ, & Waxman HL (1990) Left ventricular mass regression after aortic valve replacement measured by ultrafast computed tomography. Am Heart J 120: 919–927.
- Ghali JK, Liao Y, Simmons B, Castaner A, Cao G, & Cooper RS (1992) The prognostic role of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with or without coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 117: 831–836.
- Doss M, Wood JP, Martens S, Wimmer-Greinecker G, & Moritz A (2005) Do pulmonary autografts provide better outcomes than mechanical valves? A prospective randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg 80: 2194–2198.
- Pibarot P, Dumesnil JG, Jobin J, Cartier P, Honos G, & Durand LG (1999) Hemodynamic and physical performance during maximal exercise in patients with an aortic bioprosthetic valve: comparison of stentless versus stented bioprostheses. J Am Coll Cardiol 34: 1609–1617.
- Jin XY, Zhang ZM, Gibson DG, Yacoub MH, & Pepper JR (1996) Effects of valve substitute on changes in left ventricular function and hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 62: 683–690.
- Cohen G, Christakis GT, Joyner CD, et al. (2002) Are stentless valves hemodynamically superior to stented valves? A prospective randomized trial. Ann Thorac Surg 73: 767–775; discussion 775–778.
- Monrad ES, Hess OM, Murakami T, Nonogi H, Corin WJ, & Krayenbuehl HP (1988) Time course of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement. Circulation 77: 1345–1355.
- Walther T, Falk V, Langebartels G, et al. (1999) Prospectively randomized evaluation of stentless versus conventional biological aortic valves: impact on early regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 100(19 Suppl.): II6–10.
- Doss M, Martens S, Wood JP, et al. (2003) Performance of stentless versus stented aortic valve bioprostheses in the elderly patient: a prospective randomized trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 23: 299–304.
- Grunkemeier GL, Li H-H, Naftel DC, Starr A, & Rahimtoola SH (2000) Long-term performance of heart valve prosthesis. Curr Probl Cardiol 25: 73–156.
- Marquez S, Hon RT, & Yogonathan AP (2001) Comparative hydrodynamic evaluation of bioprosthetic heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis 10: 802–811.
- David TE, Feindel CM, Scully HE, Bos J, & Rakowski H (1998) Aortic valve replacement with stentless porcine aortic valves: a ten-year experience. J Heart Valve Dis 7: 250–254.
- Dogan, S, Dzemali O, Wimmer-Greinecker O, et al. (2003) Minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve replacement: a prospective randomized trial. J Heart Valve Dis 12: 76–80.
- Cohn LH, Adams DH, Couper GS, & Bichell DP (1997) Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 9: 331–336.
- Cosgrove DM 3rd & Sabik JF (1996) Minimally invasive approach for aortic valve operations. Ann Thorac Surg 62: 596–597.
- Boehm J, Libera P, Will A, Martinoff S, & Wildhirt SM (2007) Partial median “I” sternotomy: minimally invasive alternate approach for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 84: 1053–1055.
- Chang YS, Lin PJ, Chang CH, Chu JJ, & Tan PP (1999) “I” ministernotomy for aortic valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 68: 40–45.
- Tabata M, Umakanthan R, Cohn LH, et al. (2008) Early and late outcomes of 1000 minimally invasive aortic valve operations. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 33: 537–541.
- Machler IIE, Bergmann P, & Anelli-Monti M (1999) Minimally invasive versus conventional aortic valve operations: a prospective study in 120 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 67: 1001–1005.
- Johnson DM & Sapirstein W (1994) FDA's requirements for in vivo performance data for prosthetic heart valves. J Heart Valve Dis 3: 350–355.
- Grunkemeier GL & Anderson WN Jr. (1998) Clinical evaluation and analysis of heart valve substitute. J Heart Valve Dis 7: 163–169.
-
Rahimtoola SH (1988) Lessons learned about the determinants of the results of valve surgery. Circulation 78: 1505–1507.
10.1161/01.CIR.78.6.1503 Google Scholar
- Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC Jr., et al. (2006) ACC/AHA Guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 48: e1–148.
- Butchart EG, Lewis PA, Bethel JA, & Brekenridge IM (1991) Adjusting anticoagulation to prosthesis thrombogenicity and patient risk factors: recommendations for the Medtronic hall valve. Circulation 84(Suppl.): III 61–69.
- Oxenham H, Bloomfield P, Wheatley DJ, et al. (2003) Twenty-year comparison of a Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses. Heart 89: 697.
- Khan SS, Trento A, DeRobertis M, et al. (2001) Twenty-year comparison of tissue and mechanical valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 122: 257.
- Emery RW, Krogh CC, Arom DV, et al. (2005) The St. Jude Medical cardiac valve prosthesis: A 25-year experience with single valve replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 79: 776.
- Schaff HV, Carrel TP, Jamieson WRE, et al. (2002) Paravalvular leak and other events in silzone-coated mechanical heart valves: a report from AVERT. Ann Thorac Surg 73: 785.
- Ikonomidis JS, Kratz JM, Crumbley AJ, et al. (2003) Twenty-year experience with the St Jude Medical mechanical valve prosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 126: 2002–2031.