Chapter 3

From Laboratory to Practice

Characterizing Fresh and Cured Printed Materials

Nicolas DUCOULOMBIER

Nicolas DUCOULOMBIER

XtreeE, Rungis, France

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Victor DE BONO

Victor DE BONO

XtreeE, Rungis, France

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Fatima Zahraa KACHKOUCH

Fatima Zahraa KACHKOUCH

IRDL, Université de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France

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Yohan JACQUET

Yohan JACQUET

Technische Universität Berlin, Germany

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Arnaud PERROT

Arnaud PERROT

IRDL, Université de Bretagne Sud, Lorient, France

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First published: 17 January 2025

Summary

Compared with the cast concrete used in traditional construction methods, 3D concrete printing imposes new specifications in the fresh state and induces a potentially more complex anisotropic mechanical behavior in the hardened state. The 3D concrete printing process essentially requires no formwork to guarantee geometric conformity. On the other hand, the printed material is directly exposed to variations in humidity, temperature and air flow. When 3D printing cementitious materials, it may be necessary to determine the physical properties of the printed materials. For example, the bulk density of printed materials can be monitored to assess the homogeneity of the printed material. The durability of printed concrete structures is closely linked to the properties of the materials in their fresh state and to the printing process. The strong interaction between process and material is directly correlated to the final durability of the printed structures.

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