Higher education in Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Mainland has developed rapidly. Students across the Strait overestimate the ability of those teachers who excel at giving lectures. Chinese students take more courses than American students, but American universities revolve around the principle that students are required to master the knowledge they have learned. Compared with Taiwan, Hong Kong and the Mainland, the scale and influence of Macau's higher education system are limited despite its rapid development. Universities across the Strait have generally adopted a low tuition policy because societies traditionally lack a conception of education in terms of investment and return. Due to the deterioration of cross-strait relations, the Mainland banned their students from studying in Taiwan. Under the education reform in Taiwan, universities face enrollment shortfalls at both undergraduate and graduate levels, while graduates are poorly paid when they are employed.