Testing at the point of care, or at the patient's side, has grown dramatically. While tempting to believe that point-of-care testing will save money and make EMS practice more efficient and effective, enable earlier detection and treatment, allow better field triage and regionalization, and perhaps rule out conditions and avoid over-triage, in fact, it is a balance of costs and benefits. Many aspects, including the training and quality assurance infrastructure that will be required, must be considered. What is the cost? Is there a patient benefit? Can our systems handle the results? This chapter will examine the general concept and several specific point-of-care tests in the EMS environment, through the lens of cost, reliability and validity, education of clinicians, device maintenance, quality infrastructure in the EMS service, evidence of effect, and regulatory environment. An exploration of point-of-care testing in community paramedicine will also be undertaken. This chapter will help the medical director and EMS physician understand some of the common point-of-care advantages, challenges, and options, and key questions or system requirements to consider.