Paravalvular Leak Closure and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure
Barry A. Love
Search for more papers by this authorAllison K. Cabalka
Search for more papers by this authorCharanjit S. Rihal
Search for more papers by this authorBarry A. Love
Search for more papers by this authorAllison K. Cabalka
Search for more papers by this authorCharanjit S. Rihal
Search for more papers by this authorGeorge D. Dangas MD, MACC, MSCAI, FAHA, FESC
Professor of Medicine (Cardiology) & Surgery (Vascular) Professor of Cardiology Adjunct Professor of Internal Medicine
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Search for more papers by this authorCarlo Di Mario MD, PhD, FRCP, FACC, FSCAI, FESC
Professor of Cardiology Director of the Structural Interventional Cardiology Division Honorary Consultant
University of Florence
University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
Cardiologist Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorHolger Thiele MD
Professor of Cardiology at University of Leipzig
Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Barlis MBBS, MPH, PHD, FACC, FESC, FRACP
Professor of Cardiology Interventional Cardiologist
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
St Vincent's & Northern Hospitals Victoria, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
After prosthetic valve replacement, up to 17% of prosthetic mitral valves and 10% of prosthetic aortic valves develop peri-prosthetic regurgitation. Paravalvular leak can also be seen following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), though the incidence of significant leak has been decreasing with newer generation TAVR valves. This chapter discusses the fundamental principles of paravalvular regurgitation evaluation and percutaneous closure. Ventricular septal defects (VSD) can be divided into congenital (comprising up to 20% of congenital heart defects) and acquired etiologies resulting from either myocardial infarction, traumatic, or post-surgical. Isolated VSD represents the most common congenital heart defect. The Amplatzer Muscular VSD Occluder has a double disk that makes the occluder fit particularly well around bioprosthetic mitral valves.
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