Chapter 4
Herbal, Nutritional, and Traditional Remedies for Giardiasis
Phytochemicals as Drug Candidates
Samrat Bhattacharyya,
Samrat Bhattacharyya
Department of Botany, Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Search for more papers by this authorSamrat Bhattacharyya,
Samrat Bhattacharyya
Department of Botany, Sister Nibedita Government General Degree College for Girls, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Chukwuebuka Egbuna,
Muhammad Akram,
Jonathan Chinenye Ifemeje,
Chukwuebuka Egbuna
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
Search for more papers by this authorMuhammad Akram
Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorJonathan Chinenye Ifemeje
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Giardiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis . The dormant cysts are ingested mainly through contaminated surface water which undergoes excystation to release the active trophozoites which is attached to the enterocytes of the proximal small bowel. Diarrhea, immunomodulation, and malabsorption of nutrients could lead to intestinal disease development. Remedial measures can include plant-based dietary aid (fibers, probiotics, wheat-germ, and blueberry polyphenols), domestic remedies (cinnamon, dill), and ethnomedicinal efforts, as seen in the poor tropical nations of South America, Africa, and Asia. In the context of increasing resistance to the conventional drug metronidazole, search for plant-derived giardicidal medicine is in progress. in vitro studies and bioassay-guided fractionations from traditionally known antiparasitic medicinal plants, have led to the isolation of several anti-giardial chemicals of different compound classes, but only a handful have been clinically tried on human. Quite a few terpenoids (melilotoside, piquerol) phenolics (epicatechin, formononetin) alkaloids (berberine), organosulphur (allicin) have shown impressive IC 50 values, comparably to standard allopathic drugs, and are potent candidates for advanced herbal drug development.
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