This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book discusses the centrality of data at the foundation of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems. IoT initiatives involve solutions that rely on sensor deployments and associated datasets. With the ever-increasing number of IoT deployments, there is a danger of fragmentation. Fragmentation can be reduced when interoperability allows the exchange of data and/or services. Turning to the future of the IoT, the book explores the emergence of what are referred to as cyber-physical systems (CPS), wherein physical and software components are deeply intertwined: virtual systems and physical systems directly interact, and embedded computers monitor and control physical processes with feedback loops where physical processes affect computations and vice versa. Exploiting advances in artificial intelligence technology, CPS will embed a far greater degree of automated reasoning and action than current IoT systems.